The main symptoms of purulent sinusitis and methods of treatment of the disease

1 The essence of the problem

Purulent sinusitis is a disease that is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses. In the vast majority of cases, inflammation begins as a result of the attachment of a viral infection. Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, there are 4 types of purulent sinusitis:

1. Sinusitis. Diagnose when the maxillary sinuses are affected.
2. Frontite. This diagnosis is made to the patient during the inflammatory process in the frontal sinuses.
3. Etomoiditis. It develops with inflammation of the cells of the latticed labyrinth.
4. Sphenoiditis. The prerequisite for setting such a diagnosis is the inflammation of the cells of the sphenoid bone.

By the nature of the flow distinguish one-sided and two-sided purulent sinusitis. In addition, the inflammatory process can also affect the mucous membranes of the nasal passages.

Purulent sinusitis develops on the background of infectious processes in the airways, untreated colds, rhinitis, polyps, dental problems and nasal septal injuries.

2 Signs of the disease

With a purulent form of sinusitis, the patient's quality of life is significantly reduced. The disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Toothache. In this case, painful sensations are noted in the upper jaw, as well as when pressed in the projection of the maxillary sinus.
2. Discharge from the nose. They are always purulent, so the outflow of contents and breathing is difficult. Perhaps an olfactory disorder.
3. Puffiness. As a result of the purulent exudate remaining in the nasal passages, the mucous membrane swells, the patients complain of a feeling of pressure on the sinus walls. Outwardly this manifests itself in the form of a swelling of the face in the projection of the sinuses.
4. Headache. She is usually obtuse, but is strengthened if the patient tilts her head. Most often, the pain is localized in the frontal and temporal lobes.
5. Intoxication. It is accompanied by febrile temperature, a sleep disorder, a feeling of aches in the joints, poor appetite, weakness, dizziness.

As a rule, at the initial stage of the disease development the patient's condition improves, but then deteriorates sharply. This symptomatology is typical for sinusitis of mild and moderate severity.

Severe form of purulent sinusitis accompany such symptoms:

• severe headache;
• high intoxication of the body;
• high temperature;
• intense pain in the area of ​​inflamed sinuses.

At the first signs of illness it is better to consult a doctor. He will put the correct diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment. Do not ignore the symptoms of the disease, because it can go into a chronic form.

3 Medical therapy

Treatment of the purulent form of sinusitis is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease, cleaning the sinuses from mucous and purulent contents, stopping inflammation and swelling.

Treatment is always carried out in a complex.

First of all, drug therapy is indicated. Patients are prescribed:

1. Antibacterial drugs. Effective with purulent sinusitis antibiotics penicillin group. If the patient is allergic to them, the penicillins are replaced with macrolides or cephalosporins.
2. Vasoconstrictors. They eliminate the symptoms of the disease, facilitate the patient's condition. Usually prescribe Naftizine, Nazivin, etc.
3. Antipyretic drugs. If a person has a high fever, the doctor can prescribe Ibuprofen.
4. Bacterial lysates. To prevent relapse, Broncho-munal is shown.

In addition to ingestion, it is also prescribed to wash the sinuses with medicinal solutions. Depending on the patient's condition, the doctor prescribes this or that remedy.

Required and fizioprotsedury. These include:

• phonophoresis, electrophoresis with drugs;
• inhalation with the use of herbs, antibacterial drugs.

With sinusitis, chamomile, thyme, calendula, mint, St. John's wort are very effective.

In addition to medication, therapy is also used with the help of homeopathic remedies. These include Traumeel, Lymphomyosot, Cinnabsin tablets. The combination of antibiotics with homeopathy enhances the effectiveness of the former.

4 Operative intervention

It is indicated in severe and neglected forms of the disease, because they are fraught with serious complications.

Surgical intervention is to puncture the sinuses. After that, they are washed with a special solution. The purpose of this procedure is purification of sinuses from pus. Thus, the doctor performs antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or antiseptic therapy according to the indications.

If earlier this procedure was very painful, then modern medicine has methods that make the patient not uncomfortable.

In addition, depending on the specific situation, the sinus can be washed without a preliminary puncture. In this case, the otolaryngologist uses one of the following types of rinsing:

1. Using a soft sinus catheter "Yamik".The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. It is indicated in all varieties of sinusitis, since it allows you to clear from the pus any affected sinuses. Usually the course of treatment is 7-10 procedures, but relief comes immediately.
2. Method of displacement "cuckoo".Allows to wash out the upper sinuses of the nose. The procedure is as follows: soft catheters are inserted into both nasal passages of the patient. In one of them, a medicinal solution is poured in; from the other, this liquid is sucked off with pus by means of a vacuum. During the procedure, the patient should pronounce the sound "ku-ku", so that the solution does not get into the oropharynx.

This method allows not only to evacuate pus from the sinuses, but also to rinse them with medicinal solution. Due to this, the inflammatory process fades, and the patient feels better.