The inflammatory process of the large intestine, which develops when a drug, ischemic or infectious disease is affected, is united under the common name of colitis. The course of the disease can be either acute or chronic. Despite an active study of the causes of inflammation, up to now, there are no precise data on its origin, but there are assumptions about the factors contributing to the development of the disease. Most often this disease is diagnosed after the age of 30, but it happens that children suffer from it.
Depending on the reasons that triggered the disease, the symptoms of intestinal colitis can be of a different nature. Common signs of intestinal colitis are disorders of stool and abdominal pain. Pain in colitis of the intestine can be aching, blunt, intensifying after eating, fast walking, cleansing enema, which is typical for the chronic course of the disease.
If the inflammation of the colon mucosa occurs in an acute form, the pain becomes sharp and accompanied by an increase in temperature. Stool disorder is also characteristic for other types of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but for this disease the distinctive feature is the veins of blood and mucus in watery feces. In addition, the symptoms of the inflammatory process are characterized by rumbling in the abdomen, frequent false desires, bloating( flatulence).
Also to the symptoms of intestinal colitis can be attributed to the discomfort of the psycho-emotional state, attacks of nausea, vomiting accompanied by bitterness in the mouth. With ulcerous inflammation, which is the most dangerous form of the disease, there is diarrhea with blood, colicky pain. As a rule, the first stage of the disease is catarrhal inflammation of the mucosa, the predominant symptom of which is diarrhea. Later, mucosal atrophy develops, in which glandular elements are replaced by a connective tissue and diarrhea is replaced by constipation and vice versa.
By the nature of the symptoms, namely how the colitis of the intestine hurts, you can determine not only the type of disease, but also the stage of development. Severe pain in the abdomen and during defecation, speak of acute leakage or ulcerous stage with bleeding. With intoxicant inflammation of the colon, the head often hurts than the stomach. According to statistics in men, the symptoms of colitis are much less common than in the opposite sex.
However, some researchers believe that sex does not affect the development of the disease and in women the symptoms of colitis of the intestine can be diagnosed with the same frequency as in men. Although this kind of inflammation is spastic, it is typical for women. Factors provoking this disease are the consequences, previously transferred gastroenteritis, the use of rough and poor-quality food, carbonated drinks. Strengthening the symptoms of the disease contribute to menstrual cycles in women, lack of sleep, conflicts. Such a symptom as an increase in temperature in colitis of the intestine is noted in case of infection.
Intestinal infection penetrates the mouth with the use of contaminated water or poor-quality food. Bacterial infection in case of infection with salmonella causes a sharp increase in body temperature to 38-40 ° C.A large increase in it( up to 39 ° C) is noted with nonspecific ulcer inflammation. In all other cases, the disease can occur without temperature or with a slight increase in it to 37-38 ° C.
Symptoms and treatment of intestinal colitis
Depending on the nosological form the disease can be divided into:
- inflammatory;
- is idiopathic;
- chronic;
- steroid;
- ulcerative;
- is pseudomembranous.
Treatment for symptoms of intestinal colitis depends on the form of inflammation and the causes of its causes. Given that the signs of intestinal colitis are very similar to malignant neoplasms of the large intestine, very important is the diagnosis, using a study of materials taken from a biopsy of the affected area of the mucosa. With symptoms indicating the infectious nature of the disease, treatment is carried out with antimicrobial agents.
Short courses of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor suppress the development of infectious agents. In the presence of parasites in the intestine, a course of treatment with antihelminthics is carried out. Strong pains are stopped by antispasmodics such as No-shpa, Papaverin. Chronic constipation is treated with hydrocolonotherapy, and for the cessation of diarrhea, the administration of agents with astringent, enveloping properties is prescribed.
After the main course of treatment, correction of the microflora of the colon is performed with the help of specially selected means, in order to normalize its work. Symptoms of ulcerative inflammation of the mucosa require only qualified treatment in a hospital with powerful, expensive drugs.
With the symptoms of intestinal colitis, diet therapy can be called one of the main factors for ensuring the normalization of the work of this important organ. As with other types of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, fractional food and eating in boiled or baked form is recommended. At the same time, the food temperature should be moderate, avoiding cold or hot foods. To prevent a sharp loss of weight with which colitis of the intestine manifests itself quite often, it is recommended to adhere to a high-calorie diet with the number of calories from 2500 to 3000 and the predominance of protein foods.
The diet should include products that ensure the intake of minerals and vitamins in the body in the required quantities. A specific diet in the treatment of colitis of the intestine with signs visible is prescribed only by the doctor after determining the stage and location of the inflamed area of the intestine and clarifying the final diagnosis. In this case, we must take into account that a certain set of products is recommended, and the final menu is made up, leaving the individual characteristics of the patient's body.
At least half the success in treating a diet depends on the person's conscious participation in its formation. Nutrition for the treatment of intestinal colitis with symptoms of chronic course is directed at:
- Providing the most gentle treatment.
- Restoration and normalization of metabolic processes.
- Liquidation of fermentation and rotting processes.
- Increase the ability of the mucosa to repair.
- Prevention of possible complications with increasing protective properties of the body.
When inflammation of the intestine is recommended to include in the diet of cleaned porridge, mucous soups, jelly, strong tea, and fruits are useful pears, pomegranate, black currant, blueberries. With constipation in the menu there are porridges of buckwheat, millet, carrot puree, pumpkin, beetroot, sour-milk products, rye bread.
Use of cabbage, sweets, smoked products, canned food, as well as irritants in the form of fried, spicy food, alcohol, carbonated water is absolutely unacceptable. In the remission phase, you can include in the diet raw fruits, vegetables, flour dishes and milk in small quantities, but keep the restriction in salt consumption. It is very useful in the case of fish oil, oily sea fish.