Parasitic worms from the helminth group penetrate the human body most often from food and through dirty water. Such helminths as lamblias, opisthorchias, intestinal acnees are especially liked to settle in the ducts of the gallbladder and pancreas. Initially, larvae and microparasites penetrate these pathways, and then worms appear in the gallbladder.
Infection with the most dangerous type of worms, opisthorchia, occurs by ingestion, by eating insufficiently thermally treated fish, infected with the metacercariae of the helminth or by transmission from an infected person. Symptoms of worms in the gallbladder are:
- fever;
- diarrhea, vomiting;
- joint and muscle pain;
- pain in the right side and epigastric region.
With further development of helminthic invasion, allergic skin rash, decreased appetite, nausea, aversion to fatty foods and increased irritability. The pathological effect of parasites is initially that the worms in the bile ducts clog up all the "narrow" spaces, causing stagnation of bile. In addition, fixing on the walls, parasites directly affect them, damaging the wall. As a result of stagnation, provoked by parasites, the risk of development of infectious processes increases.
Infection penetrates the intestine or hematogenously through the blood. The products of metabolism released by the parasites, getting into the blood, are carried throughout the body, causing its destabilization and allergic reactions. The danger of parasites lies in their ability to mask, so that the immune system can not recognize them in time and destroy them. The greatest harm to the human body is not brought by adult worms, but those that get into the body, begin their development, traveling to different organs.
Due to the fact that the symptoms of the presence of worms in the bile ducts coincide with those characteristic of other types of parasites that have settled in different organs, it is necessary to conduct a study of biological material - feces, muscle tissue, rectal mucus, bile, duodenal contents. In some cases, complex immunological studies of the blood, as well as ultrasound, x-ray or endoscopic examinations, are performed to identify the type of eggs or larvae of parasites.
By feeding on cells, parasites deform the walls, causing swelling. In addition to the inflammatory process, helminthic invasion of the bile ducts activates the process of stone formation. In the future they can provoke chronic pancreatitis. The presence of worms in close proximity to the hepatic ducts causes the injection of bile into the duodenum, activating trypsinogen, which causes inflammation of the pancreas. Helminths of the gallbladder contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer and liver.
The favorite breeding site of Giardia is the outpatient ways and the gallbladder. Lamblia cysts are found in open water and transmitted through an infected person, as well as through animals. Through the bile ducts, lamblia cysts enter the intestine, damaging the mucous membrane and disrupting the absorption of trace elements, vitamins, nutrients. Symptoms of defeat with Giardiasis are nonspecific and they manifest only with intensive reproduction of worms. Basically, this abdominal syndrome, manifested in disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Dyskinesia of the bile ducts, the appearance of cholestasis, are also possible.