Parasitic infections occur quite often. Scientists believe that more than a third of the entire population of our planet are carriers of lamblia - the simplest microscopic organisms that parasitize the advantage in the human small intestine( the photo shows how they look).But these figures can not be accurate, since in most cases the disease is secretive. The number of infections with Giardia invariably grows, specialists closely studying the anatomical and physiological features of giardias concluded that they are capable of parasitizing not only in the small intestine, but also in the gallbladder. How does this become possible? Can giardia become a cause of cholecystitis? The answer to this question is in the article.
So, in order to understand if lamblia can live in the gallbladder and cause cholecystitis, it is necessary to talk a little about the physiology of the simplest flagellum microorganisms. They can exist in two forms: in the vegetative( active) and in the cysts( inactive) form. The first form, in fact - is one cell, whose length is 12 microns, width - 7 microns. In form it looks like a pear. In the widest part there are two cores.
Can lamblia be in the gallbladder?
The body of trophozoites( vegetative form of lamblia) is provided with several pairs of flagella. With the help of these lamblia move around the lumen of the intestine. When they descend below the colon, under the influence of bile, the trophozoites become cysts. As seen in the photo, they are more like a spore than eggs. Cysts are considerably smaller in size than trophozoites, in contrast to them, they have an oval shape. They do not have flagella, so the cysts are immovable. On top of the spores are covered with a solid protective coating, which helps to survive lamblia in the external environment. Cysts are able to maintain their viability at a temperature of +4 to +20 degrees for three months. But the process of boiling and exposure to ultraviolet, the freezing at a temperature of -13 degrees lamblia kills. It is fatal for them to act and bile. But why in recent years, more and more symptoms are revealed that speak of the presence of lamblia in the gallbladder? How is this possible? Why giardias can provoke cholecystitis?
It is noted that violations of bactericidal properties of bile can lead to such a neighborhood. This happens in diseases of the liver and organs of the biliary system. In the bubble itself, the simplest flagellar microorganisms can not enter. But to settle in the ducts, to get there through the Faterovian papillae - this is for them under force. In addition, during the long parasitism of lamblia, suitable conditions are formed for themselves. It is this process that provokes dyskinesia of the bile ducts with giardiasis. As a result - a dangerous complication in the form of chronic cholecystitis, significantly worsening the quality of life of the patient.
Symptoms of lamblia in the gallbladder
What are the symptoms that can indicate the presence of lamblia in the gallbladder and the development of cholecystitis? Giardiasis of any form of specific signs is not present. The clinical picture of the intestinal form has the same manifestations as any other disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients may complain of the following manifestations of dyspepsia:
- Unstable chair.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Severe flatulence.
- Pain, which is located in the navel, in the upper part of the anterior wall of the peritoneum.
Chronic course of the disease leads to the appearance of symptoms of general intoxication of the body. The products of life of lamblia form a large number of toxins. They are absorbed into the blood, give impetus to the development of allergic reactions. In children, the listed manifestations are expressed more vividly and intensely, in adult patients the intestinal form is able to proceed at all without any manifestations. When lamblia falls into the gallbladder, there may be two scenarios:
- Dyskinesia of the ducts with spasm becomes possible. The main sign of dyskinesia of the biliary tract is dull, bursting pain, which is permanent in nature. It occurs in the right hypochondrium, but the patient can not indicate a clear localization of painful sensations. Pain in the defeat of the ducts of the gallbladder and during cholecystitis increases with food and subside a little after eating. After eating, with the described pathology, a strong eructation with a characteristic unpleasant odor appears. Admission of fatty foods leads to vomiting. In the morning, the patient has bitter taste in his mouth. In between meals, the patient suffers from flatulence, diarrhea is rare in lesions of the gallbladder, but constipation constantly disturbs.
- Or atony of the fated papilla.
Confirm the presence of lamblias in the gallbladder and the development of cholecystitis help certain diagnostic procedures, such as stool analysis, analysis of duodenal contents and bile, ultrasound, duodenal sounding, PHEGS.When the diagnosis is confirmed, appropriate treatment is performed.
Features of the treatment of gallbladder gallbladder
Treatment of lambliasis of the gallbladder, like cholecystitis, reduces to the restoration of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract and compromised immunity. It consists of several stages.
- First, the patient is "put" on a special diet, which can create unfavorable conditions for the life of Giardia in the human body( and the gall bladder, respectively).
- Then, with the help of medications, the symptoms that form the clinical picture of Giardiasis are eliminated. The patient is assigned enterosorbents, enzyme preparations, probiotics and hepatoprotectors.
- After this treatment is carried out, which can eliminate Giardia( kill the simplest flagellate microorganisms living in the intestine and in the ducts).At this stage, the most commonly used are nitroimidazoles.
- The final stage is the holding of events that can help restore immunity. Dosage of all drugs is established in a strictly individual order, taking into account the patient's age, the severity of the infection, the presence or absence of concomitant diseases.
A huge role in the consolidation of the results obtained is played by the prevention of re-infection. It will be avoided if you drink only boiled water, wash your hands more often and do not eat dirty vegetables, fruits. Observance of simple rules of personal hygiene significantly reduces the risks of re-infection.