Ischemic cardiomyopathy of the heart: complications, treatment, cause of death

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Often people do not attach importance to heart disease. You will think, it hurts, but then it passes, and who is healthy in our time? However, such thinking is dangerous. Heart attacks and ischemia can lead to ischemic cardiomyopathy, one of the complications of which is sudden cardiac death. You can save yourself if you are doing preventive maintenance and treating heart disease on time.

Features of the disease

Ischemic cardiomyopathy( ICMP,( ICD-10) is called myocardial disease, which is characterized by a significant increase in cardiac cavity and rhythm disturbances

Statistics show that men under 50 suffer from this disease more often than women of the same age. For 50 years the situation has changed in reverse: ischemic cardiomyopathy is a frequent disease, its cases account for more than 20% of all cardiomyopathies.

Forms of

Modern medical practice classifies ischemiacardiomyopathy in 2 forms:

• Symmetric, accompanied by an equal increase in heart chambers, is rare
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• Asymmetric, which is characterized by an increase in one side of the cardiac muscle

Some medical sources mention ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, depending on the form of the disease, treatment is prescribed

Causesoccurrence of

Ischemic cardiomyopathy occurs against a background of ischemic disease or heart attacks. Risk factors that repeatedly increase the risk of these conditions are:

1. hypertension;
2. pernicious habits( dependence on alcohol and tobacco);
3. elevated cholesterol;
4. obesity;
5. work, coupled with mental or physical overload;
6. diabetes;
7. amyloidosis;
8. dependence on drugs;
9. sedentary lifestyle;

About what symptoms has secondary ischemic cardiomyopathy, read in the next section.

Symptoms of

In the early stages of ischemic cardiomyopathy occurs little or no symptoms, which complicates its diagnosis. As the arteries continue to narrow, blood flow is disturbed, which leads to symptoms like:

1. shortness of breath;
2. dizziness;
3. increased fatigue;
4. syncope;
5. weight gain;
6. frequent heart beat;
7. of limb edema;
8. sleep disorders;
9. cough with phlegm, sometimes with blood streaks;
10. pulmonary edema due to a large accumulation of fluid;

Also patients often complain of chest pain. Usually, the pain is aching and stitching, intensified during physical activity.

Diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy

Primary diagnosis begins at the reception of a cardiologist. The doctor collects a family anamnesis and analyzes the patient's symptoms. After that, he listens to the heart, conducts a tapping and physical examination, which helps to differentiate ICMP from other pathologies. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to pass:

• General blood and urine tests to assess the condition of the body.
• Biochemical an-z of blood for the evaluation of cholesterol, triglycerides and other compounds, the volume of which is increased in pathology.
• ECG.This study often reveals changes in myocardium scarring, which occurs after heart attacks, as well as a horizontal shift downward from the isoline of the IN ST( a sign of ischemia).A characteristic index is myocardial hypertrophy, arrhythmia and conduction disorders.
• Daily monitoring of ECG.Helps to detect low-symptomatic myocardial ischemia.
• Echocardiography, detecting myocardial hypertrophy, dilation of the heart muscle cavity, hypokinesia of the left ventricular wall of a diffuse nature, as well as other signs of pathology.
• Chest X-ray. It allows you to determine the size of the heart, whose chambers are enlarged with ICMP, and also to detect associated pathologies.
• Radioisotope scintigraphy, which is rarely performed. The study shows localization of accumulation disorders of thallium-201, and this is an indicator of ischemia and fibrosis.
• Coronarography, revealing the defeat of coronary arteries of an atherosclerotic nature. It is noteworthy that the artery can narrow to 50%.

In rare cases, other studies may be prescribed to the patient. If there is an MRI device in his village, the PCM can be diagnosed by it, as the study visualizes the heart muscle. If previous studies did not yield their results, the patient may undergo a biopsy, that is, a part of the muscle will be taken for laboratory analysis.

The echocardiogram as an effective method for diagnosing ischemic cardiomyopathy will be described by a specialist in the following video:

Treatment of

The basis of treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy is therapeutic and medicamental methods. It is important not only to eliminate the symptoms of ICMP, but also the cause, which caused pathology. If this is not done, then the patient's condition will worsen due to a recurrence of ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Therapeutic

Therapy is aimed at general improvement of the patient's condition and restoration of its working capacity. For this it is necessary: ​​

• Observe a diet with a low salt and fat content.
• Limit physical activity, while paying attention to physiotherapy.
• Discard malicious habits.
• Normalize the rest mode.
• Avoid emotional stress.

Sometimes, a patient may be prescribed a blood purification procedure, for example, plasmapheresis.

Medicated

Drug therapy is aimed at suppressing the symptoms of ischemic cardiomyopathy, preventing its complications and improving muscle function. Depending on the causes and conditions, the patient is assigned:

• b-blockers, which reduce blood pressure and heart rate.
• A calcium channel blocker that dilates the arteries and reduces blood pressure.
• The aldosterone inhibitor for the removal of excess fluid, reducing blood pressure and eliminating dyspnea, swelling.
• Drugs that prevent blood clotting.
• Drugs for monitoring heart rate and rhythm.

Patients may also be prescribed other medicines, such as diuretics, which remove excess fluid, thereby reducing blood pressure and muscle strain.

Operation

Surgical intervention is prescribed only in extreme cases, as it always carries a risk. In the case of cardiomyopathy, the patient may be:

• Pacemaker implantation if cardiac failure is observed. The device normalizes the heart rate and reduces the risk of death from ICMP.
• Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator if the patient has a ventricular arrhythmia that carries a life threat. The device controls the rhythm of the heart, saving the person from sudden cardiac death. It is noteworthy that the device can be installed simultaneously with a pacemaker.
  • Angioplasty, an operation to expand the arteries. Often the operation is combined with radiotherapy, since it is required to keep the arteries clean.
  • Installation of stents that will support arteries in the open state.
  • Atherectomy. The procedure is aimed at cleaning the arterial walls from the raid.
• If an ICMP threatens the patient's life, a coronary bypass may be prescribed to him, which improves blood flow to the organ. During the operation, the surgeon places one next to the obstructed artery, which was removed earlier, and directs the flow of blood through it.
• In extremely rare cases, when the complications of ICMP significantly affect the heart muscle, heart transplant is required.

Folk remedies

With ischemic cardiomyopathy, a decoction of the viburnum is useful. To make it, you need to take the viburnum and honey on a tablespoon and pour a glass of mountains.water. When the broth is infused with an hour, it should be drunk in half a glass, dividing into 2 receptions. The course lasts a month, it can be repeated after 3 months.

Prevention of

Disease Specific prophylaxis of ischemic cardiomyopathy has not yet been developed. However, there are general recommendations that can reduce the risk of the disease several times. These include:

• Abandonment of addictions, especially with regard to smoking.
• Compliance with a healthy diet with low cholesterol and salt content.
• Weight control with moderate physical activity.
• Control of blood pressure and cholesterol.

If in a family history a person has had cases of cardiomyopathies, it is superfluous to visit a cardiologist every 6 months. For complications of ischemic cardiomyopathy and whether it causes death, read on.

Complications of

Ischemic cardiomyopathy always leads to complications:

1. of chronic heart failure;
2. severe cardiac arrhythmias;
3. thromboembolism;
4. significant increases in heart chambers;

The most terrible complication of ICPM is sudden cardiac death. With , the situation is developing rapidly, and if you do not take urgent measures to stabilize, the situation ends in a lethal outcome.

Forecast of

The forecast of ICMP is classified as unfavorable. If you start treating the disease in time, then there is a high chance of preventing complications. With insufficient treatment, the patient dies. As the statistics show, the five-year survival rate after surgical treatment is more than 30%.

On what else the heart is waiting for ischemic cardiomyopathy, see the following video: