Allergic reactions in the human body are manifested by several morphological signs, including violations of the functioning of the skin. Promethazine is a drug that eliminates the effects of allergies in dermatology.
Features of the preparation
The drug was previously used as an enhancer of the action of the main narcotic substances during operations. Modern use of promethazine is associated with analgesic, psychotropic, relaxing, hypnotic, hypothermic, antiphobic and inhibitory action on the central nervous system.
Dosage forms
The drug Prometazine is known for sale under three dosage forms:
- Tablets Prometazine with an active ingredient mass of 0.1 grams, half of this amount( 0.05 g) and its quartet - 0.025 g. With the active substance Promethazine on the shelves are foundtablets Pipolphen and Pilolzin. Tablets are localized in blisters of polymer materials and packed in cardboard paper.
- Dragee Promethazine is packaged in the same way as tablets, under the same name trademarks. The active ingredient content in the pellets is 0,025 and 0,05 g.
- Ampoules Prometazine for intravenous and intramuscular injection have a capacity of 2 ml with a mass fraction of the active substance in 0.025 solution. The box contains 10 ampoules of promethazine sold under the trade name Pipolphen.
- Syrup with prometazine content is available in containers of dark glass or plastic material of different volumes.
Composition Prometazin
The main substance in all dosage forms is promethazine. In order to improve the penetration of the active substance into cellular structures, it is customary to add gelatin, potato starch, talc, stearic magnesium and stearic acid, hydrated lactose to the tablets. The tablet shell is made of talc, titanium( IV) oxide, blue aryvite, high molecular weight ethylene glycol-macrogol polymer with a molecular weight of 35,000 amu, gelatin, sucrose and glycerol solution.
The injection solution contains sodium chloride, pyrosulfite potassium and injectable water. The composition of the syrup Prometazine may include additional substances used in the treatment of cough symptoms, etc.
Price
Pipolphenol solution for intramuscular and intravenous injections with a concentration of 2.5% is sold at 800 rubles per package with 10 ampoules. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the cost of the drug may be 100-150 rubles more expensive. Syrup with contained promethazine Koldreks Knight is sold approximately 140-160 rubles per package.
Prometazine tablets or Hungarian-made dragees will cost from 360 to 380 rubles per pack in the pharmacy.
Pharmacological action
Pharmacodynamics
Promethazine, like other phenothiazine derivatives, are blockers for receptors irritated by histamine( H1).As a result of competitive action, promethazine is most effective with respect to histamine receptors. As a result of the interaction of promethazine with receptor cell formations, the following pharmacological actions are performed:
- , the overall body temperature decreases;
- eliminates dizziness;
- the inflammatory processes stop;
- is prevented and vomited;
- increases the selectivity of the cellular membranes of blood vessels;
- is eliminated and a hiccup reflex is prevented;
- all clinical signs of an allergy are stopped;
- the ability to excite receptors of the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus decreases;
- the intensity of reactions of vegetative reactions of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system decreases;
- predominates pronounced cholinolytic effect;
- local anesthesia occurs;
- inhibits the labyrinth function.
Pharmacokinetics
Promethazine starts to be absorbed in the digestive system several minutes after the intake. The therapeutic effect of the drug in the form of clinical attenuation of signs of pathology is formed when taking tablets and dragees in 40-50 minutes, with intravenous injection of promethazine - after 4-7 minutes, with intramuscular injection - after 15-25 minutes.
Clinical effect can last for half a day after oral administration of promethazine. The pharmacological effect after injection comes faster, but lasts 2 times less than when administered orally. These properties of different medicinal properties play a role when the patient is in a home or clinical setting.
In its free form, promethazine is delivered to receptors in an amount of 10-35% of the total. The rest of promethazine binds to plasma proteins for effective action with cell membrane glycoproteins. The half-life of the active substance depends on the general state of metabolism and the degree of functioning of the organs in which the half-life( kidney and liver) is carried out. Usually, the duration of the half-life of the compound fluctuates synchronously with the duration of the pharmacological effect or exceeds it by no more than 10%.
Indications
Dermatology is not the only section of medicine, blockade of histamine receptors with prometazine is observed in the following pathologies:
- motion sickness in transport;
- seasonal allergy to flower pollen;
- diathesis;
- neurodermatitis;
- is dermatitis of allergic origin;
- non-infectious inflammation of the skin;
- a sharp increase in histamine in the blood( anaphylactic shock);
- symptoms of insect bite;
- desires for vomiting and nausea;
- treatment of pilorospasm;
- varicose eczema on the legs;
- inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and conjunctive sheath of allergic eyes;
- skin itching;
- circling in the head;
- overflow with endolymph of the inner ear cavity;
- bronchial asthma;
- stenosis of the larynx and obstruction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx;
- serum sickness;
- urticaria;
- rheumatism of an allergic nature;
- angioedema;
- dermatitis: exudative, contact, etc.;
- high temperature;
- inflammation of the trigeminal nerve;
- Eczema;
- neuroses, psychoses, trochees.
Instruction for use of
Adults
Adumazine should not exceed 0.5 g per day in total adults. The dosage of the drug is selected by the treating doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient( anthropometric data, general health, etc.).One-time intake of promethazine in newborn infants should not exceed 5-10 mg, for children of pre-school and preschool age a single dose is 10-15 mg, children of school age up to 14 years cantake 20 mg each. The number of medications is determined by the doctor, but should not exceed 3 times a day.
In pregnancy and lactation
Pregnant women and breast-feeding women should not take the drug to prevent extrapyramidal pathologies in the fetus or newborn. With indications for prometazine in similar cases resort to drugs - analogues with a milder pharmacological effect.
Contraindications
Promethazine should not be used in the following pathologies:
- individual intolerance to promethazine;
- vomiting of unclear etiology;
- is an average and severe degree of liver and kidney failure;
- co-administration of the drug with monoamine oxidase inhibitors;
- is a coma;
- shared with alcohol, analgesics, sleeping pills;
- some forms of glaucoma;
- apnea.
Side effects of
In the treatment with prometazine, it is necessary to monitor the unacceptability of possible side effects:
- headaches;
- poor orientation in space;
- incoherent speech;
- increased apnea;
- violations of the rhythm of heart contractions;
- problems with defecation( diarrhea or constipation);
- hysteria;
- euphoria;
- fear of carrying an intramuscular injection.
If any of the effects are undesirable for health, the use of Promethazine is stopped.
Special instructions
- When using Promethazine, do not perform pregnancy testing because of a false positive result.
- Motor transport management during the treatment period and day after it is temporarily stopped.
- In the treatment of colds of chronic form, along with other drugs, the treatment process is subject to control by a doctor.
- Promethazine solutions are not administered under the skin and inside the arteries.
Interaction with other medications
It is not recommended to intensify the action of promethazine with the following drugs for various pathologies:
- with codeine syrup;
- with antidepressants;
- sleeping pills;
- analgesics;
- with local anesthetics.
Reviews
Reviews of users taking Prometazine are mixed. At various forums, statistical data on the merits and demerits of promethazine vary. The conclusion from most of the reviews suggests the following: the drug does have a curative effect with these indications, but the abundance of side effects limits its large-scale application.
Analogs
The active substance promethazine is found in several preparations: Promethazine hydrochloride, Coldrex nite, Diprazine and, the most common - Pipolphen.
Promethazine and other drugs for dizziness in cervical osteochondrosis - topic video below: