A nasal polyp is a benign glandular tumor that has a base emanating from the integumentary epithelium of the rectal mucosa. Rarely, but it is possible that it also appears in the large intestine. It is worth noting that some types of tumors can be malignant.
The nasal tumor is a growth of a soft consistency of pink color with a red tinge. This polyp has received such a name due to a large number of long, easily bending villi. Because of what its surface has a spongy appearance. The surface consisting of these villi has one base of irregular shape.
Under a microscope, a similar tumor is visible, as is thin connective growths with branching fimbriated villi. They are fibers through which the lymphatic and blood vessels pass. The boundary between the normal mucosa of the rectum and the villous tumor is traced by an exact contour line.
Species of villous polyps of the rectum
In histology, the villous polyps are divided into 3 types:
- Proliferating - characterized by epithelium with pronounced signs of high proliferation. Cells of this kind are placed closely to each other, without a special contour with bright colored nuclei, arranged in several rows.
- Tumors that arose as a result of focal hyperplasia of adenomatous polyps left without significant changes.
- Malignant.
A villous tumor grows in the lumen of the rectum or in the sides of the mucous membrane. After some time, malignancy can cause immersion growth. In general, the process of malignancy of the tumor can reach several years. Each 2 existing tumor degenerates into cancer.
Symptoms and treatment of villous polyp
Most often they are formed in middle-aged and elderly people. Suffer such a disease can, both women and men. The main place of development is the rectum and sigmoid colon. Such a tumor grows quite quickly, sometimes reaching a size of 8-10 cm, with the patency of the rectum becoming very heavy, because at this size the tumor can obscure the entire circumference.
The cause of the occurrence has not yet been established, it is only known that the basis for their occurrence is the procedure of excessive proliferation of the epithelial cover of the mucous membrane of the rectum or sigmoid colon.
Like most polyps, villous also occur asymptomatically in the initial stages. Over time, clinical symptoms become more pronounced: the release of viscous mucus, reminiscent of the protein of a normal chicken egg. Often, the mucus very quickly fills the gut, which contributes to frequent stools with one mucus. Such mucus causes maceration of the perianal area with itching. Passage of stool in the rectum can provoke damage to the tumor, which also leads to bloody discharge. Frequent blood allocation contributes to the emergence and development of anemia.
No less popular and such symptoms as: heaviness, constipation, a feeling of discomfort. It is often possible to confuse the villous polyp with proctitis. But with a thorough analysis of the clinical picture, a specialist immediately becomes clear that the difference exists in favor of a particular disease.
If a similar formation is located close to the anus, then it falls out. If you pass the feces for analysis, if you can detect the particles of the tumor, the diagnosis will become a stasis much easier. A polyp can be detected by a finger-cutting proctologist. At the same time, sensations are not pleasant. If you have a polyp with your fingers, the doctor should feel a loose, soft and pliable tissue, and there comes a feeling that the fingers are immersed in a gelatinous consistency.
With a high polyp location, a sigmoidoscopy is used. During the examination, the doctor may take part of the education for histological examination. For formations located close to the anus, several methods of removal are provided: the endorectal method, using an electron-knife, a loop, or electrocoagulation.
With a high polyp location, the removal occurs by rectomotomy from the sacrococcygeal site or by a colotomy. Some cases require a resection of the affected abdominal or abdominal-anal method of use. Such serious methods are needed to reduce the risk of malignancy and the transition to a cancerous stage.
Sigmoid insect polyps
As we found out the villous polyp has 2 common locations: in the straight and sigmoid colon. Polyp of the sigmoid colon is not a significant threat and is treated quite calmly. Despite the fact that it is benign, it still has to be removed in order to avoid unpleasant situations, besides there is a share of discomfort that does not bring anything good.