Captopril is a synthetic drug, first produced in the mid-1970s. He opened a new era in the treatment of hypertension and heart disease, having managed to direct treatment for the use of the first inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The code of the medicinal product according to the classifier is C09AA01.
So, let's talk about Captopril, its instructions for use, prices, reviews and analogues of the drug.
Features of the preparation
Composition
The active substance of the drug Captopril is a self-same component with additional substances for the coating of tablets and their filler: milk sugar, corn starch, stearic magnesium, talc.
Dosage forms
The only dosage form of Captopril put on production for 40 years is tablets. Differences in the drug are related to the amount of the active substance. Several forms are known, from 12.5 mg to 100 mg. Tablets in blisters are packed in cardboard boxes of 20 or 40 pieces.
- The minimum prices are registered on tablets with 12.5 captopril and the amount in the package - 20 pieces - less than 9 rubles.
- The maximum price for Captopril is 89 rubles, if the package contains 40 tablets of 50 mg of active substance.
The cost of drugs is determined by a third factor - the manufacturer.
Pharmacological action
The drug belongs to the vasodilators, after its application the lumen of the blood vessels expands, which reduces the cardiac load after its reduction due to a decrease in the physical resistance of the arteries. Preload in the pulmonary trunk and vessels also decreases. These factors contribute to an increase in cardiac resistance to an increasing load during systole. The metabolism of lipids is not affected by the action of the drug.
Captopril is carried by blood flow into cellular structures that are resistant to renal renin. If the hormonal secretion of the kidneys is low, the systolic pressure in the blood vessels remains unchanged as a result of the action of Captopril. In the vascular bed, the greatest expansion is achieved in the arteries.
Captopril causes increased blood circulation in the coronary arteries of the heart and kidney structures. With ischemic heart disease, blood circulation is restored in the affected hearth. The concentration of sodium ions in the blood decreases, which becomes important in heart failure. Captopril has a diminishing effect on the adhesion of blood platelets.
For prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, our readers advise the drug "NORMALIFE".This is a natural remedy that affects the cause of the disease, completely preventing the risk of getting a heart attack or stroke. NORMALIFE has no contraindications and begins to act within a few hours after its use. The effectiveness and safety of the drug has been repeatedly proven by clinical studies and long-term therapeutic experience.
The opinion of doctors. .. & gt; & gt;
On the pharmacodynamics of Captopril from pressure read below.
Pharmacodynamics
At the end of an hour after taking Captopril, the highest dose is noted in the blood. The vasodilator effect lasts for 5 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
The absorption of the drug in intestinal villi is three-fourths of the active ingredient taken. Bioavailability is about 65%.The intake of food reduces the absorption properties of Captopril. Complexes of protein albumin - captopril are formed for 2-3 molecules of matter from ten. Hematoplacental and blood-brain barrier are impenetrable barriers for the active substance of the tablet. Only 1% of the substance is able to diffuse through the barriers.
The half-life of Captopril is 3 hours. The drug is metabolized in the liver. The kidneys produce more than 90% of the substance. In nursing mothers, the drug is excreted through breast milk. In acute renal failure, the delay of metabolites of Captopril may be more than 30 hours.
On how to take Captopril correctly, read on.
Indications for use Captopril
Pregnant women and children before puberty should not take Captopril. It is better to avoid its use and nursing mothers.
The action of the drug is indicated for chronic heart failure and all types of hypertension: arterial, renal and essential. Usually, the drug is prescribed with low effectiveness of the use of other angiotensives.
Below, the instruction for the drug Captopril will be considered.
Instruction
Food intake limits the absorption of the drug, so use it at least 1 hour before eating. Treatment of hypertension follows with the appointment of two-time intake of tablets of 25 mg. After 3 weeks after taking the dosage can be increased. The maximum daily dose is 150 mg.
As a maintenance drug, captopril in chronic heart failure is prescribed in the same doses as in hypertension. Begin the application with half a tablet for 1 time with a mass of active substance 12.5 mg. Gradually the dose rises.
In the absence of renal failure, the dosage is 2 times a day for 50 mg. The more serious the kidney pathology, the dose should be less.
Contraindications
Restriction or complete exclusion of the drug is recommended for pathologies:
- diabetes mellitus;
- of individual intolerance to the drug;
- of hepatic insufficiency;
- adrenal tumors;
- after renal transplantation;
- stenosis and constriction of the aorta and renal arteries;
- with Quincke's edema;
- autoimmune diseases.
Side effects of
Despite the effectiveness of the drug, individual patients with the use of Captopril experience:
- hypotension with a sharp drop;
- anemia, a decrease in the number of platelets and an increase in non-grained white blood cells;
- whirling and headaches, fatigue and drowsiness;
- increased urea levels in the blood, progression of renal pathologies;
- spasms of the respiratory tract, cough;
- digestive disorders, nausea, discomfort and abdominal pain;
- Hepatitis, hypoglycemia, paresis;
- skin and edematous allergic reactions.
Special instructions
Long-acting effects of captopril increase the level of creatine and urea in the blood plasma. Control of the doctor will be required when using the drug during chronic heart failure.
The decrease in attention and concentration is noted, therefore it is better to refuse driving a vehicle for the duration of treatment. The functioning of the kidneys when using the drug should also be under control.
Patients' reviews of Captopril are discussed below.
Reviews
Most patients note a good curative effect when exposed to captopril. However, marked manifestations of side effects in individual patients, when the drug had to be canceled.
Analogues
Several improved forms are produced on the basis of Captopril, which have indications in one or another area of cardiac pathologies. Among the analogues are popular Blokordil, Angiopril, Rilkapton.
The following video will tell you in detail about the features of Captopril: