Yersiniosis is an acute infectious disease characterized by multifacetedness. Despite the fact that the morphology of the disease was described as far back as 1883, the disease as such was accepted in the medical community only in 1972.Currently, the disease code according to the International Classification( ICD-10) is A28.2( extraintestinal yersiniosis).
Causative agent and transmission routes of iersiniosis
There are 18 species of Yersinia bacteria, but only some of them are pathogenic. In particular, yersiniosis in humans causes Yersinia enterocolitica - an anaerobic bacterium several micrometers in length.
Carrier bacteria are rodents - mice and rats. Susceptible to the disease can be not only people, but other pets.
People get sick eating food( vegetables from cellars or other rooms where rodents can be found), contaminated with feces of infected animals.
Symptoms
Yersinia parasitizes in the upper parts of the large intestine, with the incubation period of about a week.
The disease begins, usually with a rise in temperature from 38 to 40 degrees, while accompanied by the following symptoms:
- nausea;
- with vomiting;
- abdominal pain;
- by diarrhea;
- by inflammation of the lymph nodes;
- rash;
- puffiness of the face and neck.
This photo shows the presence of rashes on the upper limbs of iersiniosis
All these are signs of uncomplicated yersiniosis. Primary symptoms can pass quickly enough, but the disease is tricky in that, not showing itself for a long time, while affecting the internal organs.
Classification
This disease can affect the joints, heart and internal organs. And, even after having erased the erased form, one can get complications. The disease will return again and again, even without acute manifestations.
Clinical forms of yersiniosis are as follows:
- eczematous yersiniosis, with the development of a characteristic rash;
- icteric form with liver damage;
- is rheumatoid, in which the joints are affected.
But the most common form is gastroenterocolitis yersiniosis with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. When lesions of the liver are noted:
- yellowness of the eye spheres and skin;
- dark urine.
Unusual manifestations of the disease - immune inflammation of the kidneys - glomerulonephritis. Another condition is severe arthritis. In the gut is Yersinia, but at the same time a person begins to swell, blush, be hot joints. These symptoms pass after a cure.
Difference from pseudotuberculosis
One form of the disease is pseudotuberculosis, caused also by Yersinia, but its other kind is Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The incubation period lasts up to 21 days, with the pathogenesis of the disease being the same.
A typical symptom is the so-called "glove syndrome, or stockings."The skin is then peeled on the palms or soles of the feet, and leaves the layers. Another symptom of a typical nature is the presence of a rash. This rash will appear in the area:
- ankle joints;
- of the knee;
- wrist bandages;
- ulnar.
Pseudotuberculosis is called a disease because lymph nodes and parenchymatous organs show foci in the form of a capsule with curdled contents. But unlike tuberculosis, epithelium cells are absent in them.
Laboratory Diagnostics
To accurately diagnose the disease and choose the right treatment, the feces are analyzed for sowing Yersinia, and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics. The indications for this study are:
- possible contact with sick people or animals;
- stay in the foci of infection;
- sharply begun gastrointestinal disease.
The material for the study is also serum, where antibodies to this infection can be detected. And also blood for PCR diagnostics, in which any material can be used.
Video about analyzes for iersiniosis:
Effective treatment in adults and children
Since the pathogen - that this is a microbe, first of all antibiotics are used in the treatment that kill it:
- Levomycetin;
- Doxycycline;
- Gentamicin.
Also used detoxification drugs, NSAIDs, and other drugs for symptomatic treatment. Also in the complex of therapy is a special diet( table number 4).
Prevention
Yersiniozom can be treated at any age, but most often they suffer from children, and they have a disease is not any easier than in adults.
Children get sick because they often forget to wash vegetables and fruits before eating them.
Thermal treatment of products is mandatory if you give it to children. All sorts of raw salads from vegetables stored in the cellar are not for children.