Diseases of the stomach affect different age groups. They are characterized by the appearance of pain and a violation of the digestive process. Unlike some other diseases, which are more often detected in elderly people, such diseases of this body affect both children and youth.
Causes of
Stomach is an organ that not only supplies energy, but is also responsible for overall health. Due to violations in the work of this body, other systems suffer.
In a healthy body, the splitting of incoming food occurs under the influence of acid. The incoming food is divided into useful and unnecessary. The first enters the blood, and the second is excreted from the body.
Harm to the body can cause both increased and decreased acidity. When the increase occurs, the formation of ulcers, erosion of the walls of the stomach. When lowering, poor digestion of products is noted.
The causes of stomach diseases are:
- diets,
- acute seasonings,
- reception of poorly chewed food,
- lack of diet,
- infection,
- medication.
Most of these reasons are easy to neutralize. Then already appeared disease will have a positive prognosis.
Symptoms and signs
Symptomatic in diseases of the stomach is diverse. Usually the pain is localized in the epigastric region. In the process of diagnosis it is important to correctly determine the nature of the sensations. Sometimes the pain is weak, aching. In other cases, there are so strong sensations that it is almost impossible to cope with them.
Another sign is a feeling of discomfort or heaviness. It is associated with eating. A person can complain of discomfort at the very beginning of eating or after. Sometimes a small amount of food was consumed, a feeling of satiety did not come, and a feeling of discomfort persists for a long time.
Dyspeptic disorders are also characteristic of a stomach condition. These include:
- burp,
- nausea or vomiting,
- stool disorder.
The last sign is more often expressed by constipation. With pathologies of the stomach, not only the process of digestion of food is disrupted, but also the emptying is slowed.
Symptoms include:
- unpleasant taste in the mouth,
- lack of appetite.
But not all signs indicate the initial stage of the development of the disease. For a long time a person can not disturb anything, and signs of the disease will be blurred or hidden. Therefore, it is recommended that you visit your doctor regularly.
List of the main diseases
The main diseases are:
- Diseases after surgery.
- Chronic duodenitis.
- Benign tumors.
- Cancer.
- Peptic ulcer disease.
- Gastritis.
- Gastric hypersecretion.
- Gastroptosis.
- Pneumosis.
Diseases of the operated stomach
This term denotes diseases that occur after a surgery. This is the consequence of pathophysiological and pathomorphological changes occurring in the stomach and throughout the body.
Statistically, 30% of operated patients experience various pathological symptoms. According to the ICD-10 code of disease K91.1.
Sometimes symptoms appear after a few days. Such diseases of the stomach in most cases are associated with a violation of the technique of the operation. For example, with bad seams. Among the signs of such complications is the development of acute pain in the abdomen, the appearance of fever or intoxication. Less likely to open postoperative bleeding.
Chronic duodenitis
In this case, the pathological process affects the stomach and duodenum. More often the disease develops in childhood due to the weakness of the hormonal apparatus or the improper position of the organ. But the risk of getting a chronic form is preserved in all people.
Primary form occurs with regular disturbance of a healthy diet. Against the background of already existing inflammatory processes, a secondary appearance is formed. A major role in this is played by duodenosis. This is insufficient mobility of the intestine due to poor peristalsis or due to obstruction.
During periods of exacerbation, there is a constant pain in the stomach, which increases with fasting or a few hours after eating. A person from discomfort can wake up even at night. Accompanying the disease is a feeling of weakness, headaches, irritability, heart palpitations. Disease according to ICD-10 has the code K29.8.
Benign tumors
This is a polymorphic group of formations that can affect any layers of the stomach. The main signs include: weakness, weight loss, digestive discomfort and loss of appetite. To this may be added anemia, depression and loss of interest in life. The pains are pulling or aching, appear more often immediately after eating.
Tumors differ in the degree of differentiation, origin. Among all cases, benign forms occur in 4% of cases. Most of these diseases are polyps.
Predisposing factors include:
- chronic gastritis,
- infection with a microorganism that leads to increased release of hydrochloric acid,
- genetic predisposition,
- bad habits,
- decreased immunity.
The biggest danger of benign tumors is degeneration into cancer or tumor perforation. The latter is characterized by the appearance of an opening in the wall of the stomach and the development of peritonitis. Sometimes there is stenosis, bleeding.
Cancer
This malignant tumor originates from the epithelium of the mucosa. It occurs in any part of the stomach and spreads to other organs.
The disease has high mortality rates. Most often found in men. Metastases occur in 80-90% of patients.
Gastric cancer has several characteristics:
- it grows rapidly,
- sprouts through healthy tissues, destroying them,
- secretes poisons that poison the entire body.
Among the causes of the disease, poisoning with chemicals, exposure to ionizing study, nicotine, immunodeficiency states. There are also some precancerous diseases, for example, erosion, ulcers, polyps and GERD.Malignant neoplasm of the stomach according to ICD 10 has code C16.
Patients complain of prolonged heartburn and nausea, progressive weight loss with normal diet, general weakness, a feeling of dissatisfaction after eating.
Peptic pathology
This is a recurrent disease, the main feature of which is the destruction of those parts of the mucosa that come into contact with active gastric juice. There are different forms of ulcers that arise when exposed to various negative factors. These include symptomatic and gastroduodenal erosion.
In Western Europe, Japan, 2-3% of the adult population suffer from this disease. Men are more often ill. The inhabitants of cities are more prone to progressing disease than the representatives of rural areas.
Acute ulcer occurs when the pathological process extends deep into the mucous membrane. The formations themselves are often single, round in shape. In appearance, the edges of the ulcer may not differ from the surrounding tissues.
Acute gastritis
This is the first inflammatory process that has affected the mucosa. Is manifested by belching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe pain. This disease is the most common form of the disease in gastroenterology. According to statistics, every second person has gastritis.
When the acute form during the process of gastroscopy reveals thickening, plethora and swelling of the mucosa. Occasionally, small-cell superficial hemorrhages are found. With numerous erosions it is a question of acute erosive gastritis.
In fibrotic form, necrotic changes in the mucosa are noted. Depending on the degree of injury and depth, a superficial and deep gastritis is shared. The first manifestations are usually found 6-12 hours after the etiological factor. Code for the ICD 10 - K 29.1
Chronic gastritis
The disease, like in the acute form, is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa. In chronic form, the ailment is recurrent. Because of this, there is degeneration of the mucosa, pathologically changes in the structure, there is atrophy of cellular elements. The glands in submucosa cease to function and are replaced by another tissue.
Chronic gastritis can be of several types:
- Type A is a primary autoimmune form affecting the bottom of the stomach.
- Type B is a bacterial origin.
- Type C - reflux gastritis.
Chronic form has the code for SKB-10 K29.3-K29.5
Gastric hypersecretion
Secretory function is disrupted by abnormal activation of certain cells. This leads to an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid or all gastric juice. Pathology arises from the violation of regulatory mechanisms.
The process is associated with functional or organic lesions of the stomach. Sometimes hypersecretion occurs against the background of functional disorders, gastritis or organic lesions of the stomach. A significant increase in secretion occurs with acute organ enlargement, as well as under the influence of its cooling.
Hyper secretion leads to severe depletion of the gastric glands. Digestion of protein foods is disrupted. Hyper secretion has three forms:
- Gastrosukorrhea. Functional disorder due to impaired mechanisms of higher nervous regulation.
- Paroxysmal. This is a periodically occurring form that appears reflexively. It is found more often in patients with peptic ulcer and some other lesions of the central nervous system.
- Alimentary. The amount of gastric juice increases regardless of the type of stimulus. Such symptomatology can occur in persons with weakened bark of the cerebral hemispheres.
Gastroptosis
For the disease, gastric emptying is characteristic. This is accompanied by its hypotension and elongation. Such a problem is congenital or acquired. In the early stages of the disease, there are usually no manifestations. In later stages, pain occurs after eating, exercising, or running.
Gastroptosis is often accompanied by the omission of other organs. The disease is rare, is more common in young women. A high degree of morbidity in this group is associated with compliance with diets, childbirth, excessive leanness. In men, gastroptosis is associated with an incorrect distribution of stress.
Pneumosis
This is a pathological condition in which cysts are formed in the body wall thickness. Their contents are air or gas. As the progression of the disease can go to the lymph nodes and peritoneum.
Diagnostics
Begins with the collection of anamnesis and examination of the stomach area. The latter is carried out under good lighting conditions. The entire abdominal wall is inspected. This allows you to detect an increase in part of the abdomen.
Instrumental methods include:
- Gastroscopy. An endoscope is inserted through the mouth. Thanks to a special optical device, the doctor in real time examines the gastric mucosa. It is possible to identify the smallest changes.
- Fluoroscopy. It is carried out using X-ray equipment. The procedure lasts about 40 minutes. The specialist assesses the condition of the mucosa, the shape of the stomach, its location and the features of the motor functions.
- Computed tomography. It is used more often for the diagnosis of stomach cancer. The doctor sees a section of the walls, so he can assess their thickness, volume, nature of the tumor.
- ultrasound. During the procedure, the shape, location and structure of the stomach is determined.
In addition, laboratory methods are used to evaluate the properties of gastric juice.
Treatment of stomach diseases
Surgical treatment is used only in extreme cases. More commonly prescribed:
- diet,
- medication,
- herb.
Diet
The menu does not include products that mechanically irritate the mucous. It can be turnips, beans, peas.
Do not abuse bread from wholemeal flour, wiry meat, poultry skin or fish. Contraindicated and fruits, berries with a rough skin.
Positively affect the operation of the stomach:
- soups,
- porridge,
- dairy products,
- boiled lean meat and fish,
- eggs,
- bread of yesterday's baking,
- weak tea,
- honey.
For patients prescribed diet number 1 or 16. They are energetically complete, but with a significant limitation of chemical and mechanical irritants of the mucosa.
Medications
Depending on the cause of the disease are assigned:
- Antacids. They neutralize the acid of the gastric juice.
- Alginates. Restore the neutral acidity level.
- Antisecretory drugs. Reduces the production of hydrochloric acid.
- H2-blockers. Reduce the flow of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors. Brake the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
- Prokinetics. Stimulate the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
Herbs
Aloe has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. Its juice reduces pain, has an antimicrobial effect, inhibits the process of inflammation, nourishes the cells of the epithelium. The presence of vitamins and various nutrients in the composition makes it possible to stimulate immunity.
In the treatment of the stomach, chamomile, calendula and some other herbs are used. All of them have an antispasmodic effect.
Prevention
Avoiding the occurrence of stomach diseases is easy. This requires a rational diet. It is recommended to regulate the diet, eat small portions, avoid eating dry, do not eat hot or cold food.
Give up bad habits. Smoking, for example, causes toxins not only to damage the stomach, but also the dystrophic changes in the liver and pancreas. To bad habits is the frequent intake of alcohol, acute or strongly hot food.
Medication should be taken with caution. They can cause bleeding, inflammation, the formation of stones, colitis. Do not forget that many diseases of the stomach are associated with the psychoemotional sphere. Therefore, avoid stress, prolonged exertion.
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