The diverticulum of the stomach is a fairly rare disease. It occurs with the same periodic frequency in both men and women. According to official medical data, the diverticulum of the stomach began to be fixed since 1661.
Pathology is characterized by a peculiar nature of development and course. Most often, the ailment is discovered quite accidentally during a routine diagnostic examination. Diverticulum can appear at absolutely any age. However, most often in the risk category fall young boys after 9 years and men after 50 years. What is a diverticulum of the stomach?
In the usual language, the diverticulum of the stomach is the protrusion of the walls of the stomach, which can have an innate or acquired character. The pathology on the posterior surface of the cardinal section is located.
In most cases, the pathology develops without the appearance of certain symptoms, which greatly complicates the timely diagnosis and treatment.
Thus, it is extremely important to discover the problem clearly in order to avoid complications - internal bleeding, inflammation, and expression.
In the absence of serious symptoms and complications, treatment is rapid and demonstrates good results. In the presence of large protrusions, the patient is shown surgical intervention.
Reasons for the pathology of
According to multiple medical studies, the exact causes of the appearance of diverticulum of the stomach are still not clear.
Research and diagnosis of the disease passes with an orientation toward the mechanisms of development.
So, the true or inborn diverticula is an anomaly in the development of the stomach. This problem has a purely genetic character and is inherited.
Often in such cases, protrusions are found in both the large and small intestine, as well as in the duodenum. It already makes sense to talk about the diverticulosis of the digestive tract.
Most common is the acquired diverticulum of the stomach. Most often it appears for several main reasons. Among them the most common are the following:
- serious abdominal trauma;
- stomach trauma;
- ingress of foreign bodies;
- severe vomiting;
- gastrointestinal diseases( gastritis, ulcer, gastroduodenitis);
- neoplasm;
- unsuccessful surgical interventions;
- spikes.
The size of the diverticulum can reach up to 7 centimeters. This indicator directly depends not only on the cause of the problem, but also on the structure of the organ wall.
It should be noted that congenital diverticula almost never exceed the size of 3-4 centimeters.
The protrusions may also have a different shape. Most often the diverticulum has a pear-shaped, oval or round shape.
With small dimensions of the protrusion, the muscle wall of the wall is clearly visible, which greatly facilitates the further process of diagnosis and treatment. At moderate sizes of the diverticulum, minor muscle bundles may be present. However, with running instances, the shell is not visible at all.
Symptoms of the diverticulum of the stomach
The diverticulum of the stomach represents a special kind of pathology, which proceeds virtually asymptomatically. This phenomenon is considered normal, since the disease over a long period of time does not affect the state of the human gastrointestinal tract.
But this is not always the case. In some cases, the diverticulum can manifest itself quite aggressively and even masquerade as an oncological disease.
The following list of symptoms should be noted:
- belching;
- esophagy;
- painful and unpleasant sensations in the abdomen;
- feeling sdavlennosti;
- sensation of overcrowding;
- nausea;
- vomiting( rare);
- loss of appetite;
- stool disorder;
- heartburn;
- depletion;
- anemia.
Stomach protrusion, regardless of its variety, whether it is innate or acquired, can be accompanied by an inflammatory process. Prolonged disregard of the symptoms and absence of treatment leads to the fact that the patient develops diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis is an inflammatory process that can lead to ulceration, perforation and internal bleeding.
Diagnosis
Often, the presence of diverticulum of the stomach is obtained after the passage of an X-ray study.
In the course of this it turns out that the patient was addressing a completely different gastroenterological problem.
Due to the fact that the disease occurs virtually without symptoms, the usual consultation of the attending physician here will not help. The thing is that the standard set of studies will not be effective.
If suspected of protrusion of the walls of the stomach, the treating specialist prescribes a number of additional studies. Among the most important it is worth highlighting:
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy - allows to detect the entrance to the protrusion, helps to determine the shape and dimensions, as well as the more precise location.
- Radiography with contrast - the contrast used in the study, helps to accurately determine the presence of protrusion and recognize it in the presence of a patient's ulcer or other inflammatory process.
It should be remembered that if the diverticulum is of an innate origin, then its folds of the mucosa have a continuation through the wall of the stomach. The peristalsis of the organ is not disturbed and continues to function normally. Mucous protrusion is well pronounced and recognizable.
Acquired diverticulum differs by a breakage of the folds of the mucous membrane right at its entrance. Peristalsis of the stomach worsens, and digestion problems begin.
Treatment of
For mild forms of the disease, when the size of the diverticulum does not exceed 3-4 centimeters, no particular treatment is indicated. So, most often the doctor prescribes a preventive diet. It includes gentle feeding and regular intake of bran. This will normalize the patient's condition and stool.
In the presence of accompanying symptoms, such as frequent diarrhea, tenderness of the abdomen, flatulence, shows the intake of certain drugs. Among them:
- cerulek;
- festal;
- Biseptol;
- sulgin;
- interstopan.
With the complications that accompany inflammation and suppuration, it is necessary to carry out the operation. Resection of the affected area of the intestine allows preserving the life and ability of a person to self-service
In the absence of a pronounced inflammatory process, conservative therapy is indicated. It is carried out until the main manifestations of activity in the protrusion zone have subsided.
It should be remembered that treatment should be conducted in a timely manner. Prolongation of therapy often leads to the fact that the patient begins to suffer severe anemia, bleeding is not excluded. Despite the fact that with diverticulum they are rarely abundant, they are better not to be tolerated.
Prognosis and prophylaxis
With properly treated, the patient quickly begins to feel relieved. With uncomplicated forms of diverticulum, the prognosis for recovery is favorable, since this pathology does not at all interfere with a full-fledged lifestyle.
If a more advanced form of protrusion is detected, the patient should become a dispensary accountant and observe the ailment.
In the presence of complications, the prognosis is less favorable, but with professional treatment the result can be quite positive.
There is no specific prophylaxis for diverticulum of the stomach. However, there are methods that reduce the possibility of this problem. They consist in the timely treatment of any digestive tract diseases and carrying out sparing surgical interventions that will prevent the formation of adhesions.