Papilloma in the mouth in most cases is caused by just a few strains of HPV.The proliferation of epithelial cells in the oral cavity has a variety of sizes, at the beginning of its formation, almost no uncomfortable sensations.
But due to the peculiarities of such an arrangement, there is a high risk of injury and infection of the growing papilloma, which in turn leads to an inflammatory reaction. In this regard, papillomatous growth of the oral cavity is recommended to be removed at the initial stages of development.
Causes of HPV in the oral region
The formation of any kind of papillomas on the skin and mucous membranes occurs when a human papillomavirus enters the body.
This microscopic pathogen easily enters the epithelial cells through small cracks in the body. When choosing the location of localization, the meaning is not the way of penetration of the viral agent, but its strain.
Activation of changes in the epithelial cells of the oral cavity can be triggered:
- Injury of the mucous membrane - prostheses, dental manipulations.
- Decreased local and general immunity.
- Harmful habits, which can be attributed to the constant use of hot, scorching mucus layer of food.
- Prolonged use of strong antibiotics and hormonal agents.
- Chronic diseases of the digestive tract.
- Hormonal imbalance.
The average age of patients with viral benign growth in the oral cavity is 35 years. Disease often occurs in young children.
How can I get infected?
You can not get infected with papilloma, you can only get infected with a virus, and how it behaves in the future depends on many external and internal factors.
Studies have shown that HPV is present in the body of almost 90% of the population of the entire planet .Infection is possible at any age and in several ways.
If we are talking about the development of papillomas in the mouth in children, then the infection most often at this age occurs in a vertical and contact-household way.
A vertical path is the transmission of a virus from a sick mother to its child when it passes through the birth canal. The microorganism at this time is able to get on the skin of the face, the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.
Among children, the most common way of transferring HPV is still considered contact-household - transmission occurs in close communication, through toys, with the use of certain hygiene items. Children often drink from one cup, they use one spoon or fork, they can eat one fruit for several people - HPV is in saliva and therefore in such cases it easily passes and leads to infection.
The virus can penetrate the body anywhere in the body, but this does not always mean that it is on this site that it will activate and cause changes in the epithelium.
Infection of adults in most cases occurs during sexual intercourse. During sex, you can get infected not only by those strains of the virus that lead to changes in the genitals, but also by the subspecies of the microorganism causing build-ups on other parts of the body.
In addition to the genital tract, transmission is widespread and household. The virus feels fine and for a long time it retains vitality in a moist and at the same time warm environment. In this regard, there is a high probability of infection when in public places - baths, sports complexes with swimming pools, saunas.
Types of
Several types of papillomas are revealed in the oral cavity, these are:
- Epithelial hyperplasia. This species is shown by the appearance of small growths, their color is reddish, and when palpated they are felt as soft and mobile formations. Localized mainly on the lateral surfaces of the tongue.
- Vulgar or simple papilloma. The growth has a pineal form with a flat base, the papilloma-like mobile is more often growing in the soft palate.
- Flat papillomas are predominantly formed on the gums. Their surface is granular, and the color coincides with the pink shade of the mucous membrane.
- Filiform papillomas have a thin stem, easily injured.
- Acute condylomas occur if infection occurs sexually. It is for these growths that the discharge and formation of a large tumor with an uneven tuberous surface are characteristic.
. Localization and symptoms
Papillomatous growths on the oral mucosa can grow at almost any site. Most of all, papillomas are found in the sky, palatine douches, then the prevalence of the process is followed by the inner surface of the cheeks, gum, and tongue. Changes in the mucous layer under the influence of the virus are found in the throat and larynx.
If it is on the tongue, the mucous membrane of the cheeks, the hard palate, it is easily irritated by hot, spicy food, which causes it to be traumatized, the appearance of bleeding, infection and unpleasant odor.
When papillomas are located on the gums, they are injured when wearing dentures or brushing their teeth, which also affects the appearance of uncomfortable sensations. Constant infection and inflammation create conditions for the degeneration of epithelial cells into cancerous cells.
The growth in the oral cavity may initially be a single one, but the spread of the virus from the original focus leads to an increase in an unlimited number of warts that can impede food intake and even breathing. In neglected cases, people have large areas of growth, covering the entire oral cavity down to the tonsils and the transition of tumors to the throat.
Other benign or malignant tumors can form in the oral cavity. To distinguish from them the papilloma can be on several grounds:
- Size, not exceeding one centimeter.
- Attaching to the mucous membranes with a thin foot or a wide "sole."
- Painless and soft texture to the touch.
- In color - pinkish, coinciding in color with the main portion of the oral cavity or pale.
HPV in the language
Most often, papillomas in the tongue occupy the lateral surface of the organ or its tip, in the middle and under the tongue the virus formations grow less often. Similar neoplasms look like papillate growths, which have a reddish color, their surface is similar to the accumulation of small grains. This type of papillomatosis is termed epithelial hyperplasia.
Photo of spiked papillomas in
language. Papillomas localized in the tongue are often fixed with a small foot. The size of the growths vary, it can be as small droplet-shaped outgrowths as tumors in the form of peas.
On the lower side of the tongue, papillomas are more often represented as filiform sprouts, which can also be located on the frenulum of the tongue.
Epithelial hyperplasia in the tongue leads to the fact that there are unpleasant sensations when eating. Constant irritation causes pain and an inflammatory reaction. Neoplasms with a similar location often undergo malignant degeneration in the absence of timely therapy.
In the throat and larynx
Papillomas growing in the throat can remain undetected for a long time, as they do not give a clear clinical picture.
A person can only periodically feel a slight perspiration and irritation in the throat, which is written off for colds and respiratory symptoms.
With a noticeable increase in growing neoplasms, or with a large amount of them, food intake is noticeably hampered - the food lump does not move well, the feeling of a foreign body arises. When swallowing solid products, the papilloma is injured, which is manifested by soreness and the appearance of a cough with a syphilis.
Photo of the papilloma in the throat
Papillomatosis of the larynx is considered quite a dangerous disease. The thing is that growing warts break through the lumen and interfere with normal breathing.
Papillomas on the larynx and the glottis are sometimes found in newborns, and in this case the most likely source of infection is a sick mother, from which the virus passed to the baby during childbirth.
You can pay attention to a cough in a crumb, some hoarseness, and with respiratory diseases rapidly increasing swelling leads to the occurrence of shortness of breath.
On the amygdala
Growing on the amygdala, the papillomas look like little knobs with a small foot or close fitting to the mucous membrane. In color, education almost always coincides with the main color of the tonsil.
In the early stages of its development, the papilloma leads to an increase in exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis.
Discomforting sensations occur when ingested food, this type of formation can affect the change in spoken language. Papillomas of the tonsils are almost never malignant and often self-destruct after a few months.
Is the papilloma treated in the mouth
The opinion of most doctors on the treatment of neoplasms of the virus etiology in the mouth is unambiguous - such growths must necessarily be removed.
The localization of tumors in the oral cavity creates all the prerequisites for its infection, and similar growths are marked by increased soreness due to the close arrangement of nerve endings in the mucous layer. Growing papillomas in some cases have a negative effect not only on chewing and eating, but not for the better, change the diction.
For the removal of papillomas in the mouth, most doctors use laser destruction. The method is characterized by painlessness, absence of scars and the least number of relapses. Reduce the possibility of reappearance of papillomas in the mouth can be prescribed antiviral treatment, immunomodulators and vitamin complexes.
The use of folk remedies is recommended only if the oral cavity is single, not prone to appearing and does not cause much concern to a person. If an increase in the number of papillomas is detected, with their rapid growth and the appearance of ulcers, it is urgent to apply initially to the dentist who will prescribe a number of examinations.
Video on the removal of papilloma on the tongue with a laser: