A huge number of people with unpleasant symptoms, characterized by acute pain and spotting from the anus, is familiar with a disease such as hemorrhoids. Veins under this pathology of the rectum undergo radical changes. They swell, stretch and protrude. Such pathological expansion causes the formation on the walls of venous plexuses located under the skin of the anal canal and the submucosal layer of the intestine, the nodes filled with stagnant blood. Provoke this process can any negative factors, accompanied by increased pressure in the abdominal cavity. Among them most often are:
- Pregnancy;
- Chronic constipation and frequent straining during acts of defecation;
- Obesity.
Also changing the veins and the development of hemorrhoids contribute to excessive physical effort, sedentary lifestyle and abuse of alcoholic beverages. Due to these reasons, the outflow of blood from the venous plexuses is disrupted. At the initial stages of the pathology, the blood accumulates and stagnates in the vessels, weakening and stretching their walls. When the hemorrhoids are just beginning to develop, the negative changes can be reversible. At this stage, it is possible to restore the venous plexus in the walls and prevent further widening of the veins. But, in order to consolidate the achieved result, it is necessary to take therapeutic and preventive measures to strengthen them.
Symptoms of venous hemorrhoids
The clinical picture of vein dilatation of the small pelvis usually begins completely imperceptibly and progresses gradually. The very first manifestations of pathology can be pruritus and discomfort in the perianal area, as well as a feeling of overflow of the rectum. These symptoms can worsen after taking a bath or drinking alcoholic beverages. Later, after the hemorrhoidal veins begin to become inflamed, and the enlarged nodes become inflamed, acute pains appear. At this stage, the appearance of bloody discharge from the thinned and damaged hemorrhoidal veins is also possible.
The course of pathology at this stage of development acquires a chronic character and becomes irreversible. The periods of exacerbations arising from the confluence of adverse factors are replaced by remissions, during which the person feels healthy. Over time, the intervals between recurrences of hemorrhoids become shorter, and the process of weakening the veins progresses, causing an increase in negative symptoms. There are clear signs of chronic course of the disease:
- Regular bleeding recurrence;
- Painful sensations during and after defecation;
- Frequent prolapsed hemorrhoids.
Pain caused by abnormal veins, caused by the inability to lose tonus and weakened venous walls, to restrain the pressure of blood accumulated in the vessels of the anal canal or rectum, sharply increase if the affliction is accompanied by knotting or fissure of the anus.
Later stages of venous hemorrhoids in addition to the pathological expansion of the veins are characterized by a weakening in the anorectal zone of the musculoskeletal system, which causes displacement of the blood-filled nodes towards the anus and their constant loss. This manifestation of the disease should be paid the closest attention to us, since it indicates the transition of pathology to a neglected stage.
Strengthening of hemorrhoid veins
Conservative therapy is used to get rid of hemorrhoids, the purpose of which is to reduce the frequency of occurrence of annual exacerbations, shorten their course and reduce the severity of the accompanying symptoms. To restore the tone of injured hemorrhoids, we use outpatient methods of treatment and recipes of traditional medicine that help strengthen the dilated and weakened venous walls. In advanced cases, when conservative therapy does not give results, surgical intervention is applied. Most often, in such a situation, minimally invasive, or, according to evidence, radical operations. With their help, not only remove the inflamed nodes, but also restore the tone of the veins damaged by hemorrhoids.
The specialist's choice of the optimal tactic for getting rid of the inflamed nodes and repairing the blood vessels is affected by the degree of concomitant signs and the stage of the disease:
- 1 degree of hemorrhoids, characterized by the onset of the process of expanding the veins, is treated mainly by conservative methods. Also at this stage of the disease can be applied and minimally invasive interventions, such as sclerotherapy and infrared photocoagulation;
- In stage 2 of the disease, in addition to conservative treatment and the use of minimally invasive techniques that help in the early stages of the disease, ligation of inflamed nodes with latex rings or their piercing is used;
- Stage 3 hemorrhoids, in which the veins have already been significantly expanded, is cured by transanal resection of the mucosa by the Longo method and hemorrhoidectomy( radical surgery).
After the necessary therapeutic measures to restore the tone of the walls of the hemorrhoidal veins, the patient is recommended to use preventive measures that allow to maintain the result obtained as a result of conservative, minimally invasive or surgical treatment. Only with strict adherence to the instructions of a nutritionist and lifestyle specialist, the expansion of hemorrhoidal veins will completely cease and a person suffering from manifestations of this pathology will be able to forget about unpleasant symptoms for a long time. Specialists pay special attention to the normalization of the digestive tract, as with its good functioning, the effect on the pelvic organs of such a dangerous factor as the stagnation of blood in the veins that causes the development of hemorrhoids will cease.