Atypical forms of myocardial infarction( cerebral, asthmatic): diagnosis, symptoms

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We used to think that myocardial infarction is always a pain in the chest, sometimes accompanied by weakness and increased blood pressure. However, this is not always the case, and some forms of heart attack may not simply be accompanied by symptoms of poisoning, but also proceed with the absence of pain. What are these forms?

Features of species

Atypical forms of infarction most often occur in elderly people and are expressed in the death of heart tissue due to deterioration of blood circulation. Statistics show that women suffer less often by about 60%.As a rule, only the onset of an infarction is atypical, after which it goes into a typical form.

Atypical forms are diverse, each of them has certain features.

• So, the peripheral form is characterized by the fact that the pain is felt not in the sternum, but in unusual places, for example, the tip of the little finger, the left scapula and even the lower jaw.
• Abdominal form is most often diagnosed with posterior myocardial infarction, and its diagnosis is difficult and is performed differentially with pancreatitis, appendicitis, stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal diseases.
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• The asthmatic form is most often manifested with repeated myocardial infarctions, as well as with infarction caused by severe atherosclerosis.
• But the arrhythmic form is difficult to diagnose, because paroxysmal tachycardia conceals signs of a heart attack on the ECG.

On the characteristics of typical and atypical myocardial infarction will tell the following video:

Classifications

To atypical forms of myocardial infarction are:

• Peripheral with atypical localization of pain symptoms:
  1. left-handed;
  2. is the left-handed;
  3. is a guttural-pharyngeal;
  4. the upper vertebral;
  5. mandibular;
• Abdominal.
• Asthmatic.
• Collapse.
• Oedemas.
• Arrhythmic.
• Wiped.
• Combined.
• Cerebral form of myocardial infarction due to cerebral circulatory insufficiency:
  • dynamic;
  • stroke;

The vastness of the infarct is divided into small-focal, with a small lesion, and extensive, which covers a large area of ​​the heart.

Causes of

Atypical forms of myocardial infarction occur due to atherosclerosis, more precisely, due to atherosclerotic plaques leading to an abnormal vasoconstriction. Because of constriction, the vessels can not provide a normal flow of blood to the heart, which gives rise to the development of necrotic tissue of the heart muscle.

Several factors can be identified, that is, the phenomena that contribute to the development of a heart attack. Perhaps, the main factor is the addiction to smoking. The effect of tobacco is such that it narrows the blood vessels and worsens the access of oxygen to the heart, and this in combination with atherosclerosis is guaranteed to lead to a heart attack. Other factors include:

• angina in any form;
• hypertension;
• obesity;
• diabetes mellitus;

Symptoms of

Symptoms depend on the type of atypical form of myocardial infarction. For convenience of perception, the forms and their symptoms are distributed in the table.

Form name	Symptoms
Peripheral	Pain of an increasing nature, localized in atypical for infarction places, for example, throat, left arm, etc. Weakness. Perspiration. Acrocyanosis. Arrhythmia. Drop in blood pressure.
Abdominal	Pain in the epigastric region or the right upper quadrant of a growing character. Nausea. Bloating. Stool disorders. Vomiting.
Asthmatic asthmatic form-variant of myocardial infarction	Acute pain in the region of the heart. Severe suffocation. Cough with pink phlegm. Arrhythmia. Drop in blood pressure.
Collapsoid	No pain. A sharp drop in blood pressure. Dizziness. Cold sweat. Darkening in the eyes.
Pumping	Shortness of breath. Ascites. Edemas. Enlarged liver.
Arrhythmic	Arrhythmias. Atrio-ventricular block. Paroxysmal tachycardia. Drawing pain in the sternum.
Cerebral	Dizziness; Vomiting. Nausea. A clouded consciousness. Weakness in the legs. Fainting. With stroke, hemiparesis develops and speech disorders due to thrombosis of the arteries.
Malosymptomatic	Weakness. Fatigue. Sweating. Pain in the chest is of an uncertain nature.
Combined	Combines various signs of several forms of

As you can see, the symptoms are very diverse, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat the disease.

Even more about the symptoms of different types of myocardial infarction will tell E. Malysheva in her video:

Diagnosis of atypical forms of myocardial infarction

Diagnosis largely depends on the shape of the myocardium. In addition to standard techniques such as the collection of anamnesis and physical examination, the following examinations are used:

1. common urine and blood anthrax showing the general condition of the organism;
2. biochemical an-z of blood to identify risk factors;
3. study of blood enzymes;
4. coagulogram;
5. ECG;
6. Echocardiography;
7. chest X-ray;
8. coronary angiography;

Depending on the results of these studies, treatment will be prescribed.

Treatment of

Treatment of any atypical form of infarction is carried out in a hospital to monitor the patient's condition. It is based on the observance of therapeutic recommendations and drug treatment. In some cases, urgent surgical intervention is required.

Therapeutic

Therapy is to limit physical activity. The patient is obliged to observe the hospital regime of sleep and nutrition, to give up smoking and any loads during this period. Emotional stresses are also related to stress, which can aggravate the situation with treatment.

At the time of treatment, the patient's diet is also limited. So, he is shown a healthy and fresh food with a low fat content, salt. If necessary, the patient can wear a mask to supply oxygen through it.

Medication

Drug therapy should be prescribed at the first suspicion of a heart attack and consist of:

1. analgesics and nitrates that relieve pain;
2. sedative, to eliminate stressful situations;
3. beta-blockers, dilating the vessels;
4. calcium antagonists, modifying the rhythm of reductions in the agent;

After confirming the diagnosis, the following drugs may be added to:

1. anticoagulants, which reduce the risk of blood clots;
2. disaggregants that dilute blood;
3. thrombolytics that dissolve existing thrombi;
4. beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors.

These are the universal types of drugs used to treat myocardial infarction. That is, any of these drugs can be canceled or replaced when the diagnosis is confirmed.

Operation

Often atypical forms of myocardial infarction are diagnosed too late, and drug therapy is not responded. Then it is required to hold the patient:

• Coronary angioplasty. During the procedure, a tent is placed in the affected vessel, which maintains the clearance in the normal state. Aortocoronary bypass. A complicated operation, in which a patient's vein is made from the patient's vein for blood flow.

Other operations may also be used, for example, balloon angioplasty, but the listed procedures are basic.

Prevention of

As in the case of and with other forms of myocardial infarction, preventive measures are reduced to preventing the development of heart disease. For this it is important to observe the standards of a healthy lifestyle, that is:

• Refuse to smoke.
• Reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
• Daily exercise and exercise cardio exercises, such as running or exercising on an exercise bike. Classes should not be exhausting, but they should take at least 20 minutes.
• Cut the eating of fatty and fried foods, reduce the salt content in dishes.
• Include in the diet fresh vegetables and fruits, sea fish, lean meat.
• Normalize the operating and rest mode. Sleep should be spent at least 7 hours.
• Control ur-n cholesterol and blood pressure, reduce when they increase.

It is not superfluous to visit the cardiologist once every 6 months, and also to take anhy urine and blood to monitor the condition of the heart.

The following video will tell you about what foods should be consumed to reduce the risk of atypical heart attack and other heart diseases:

Complications of

Often even with adequate treatment and quality rehabilitation measures, the atypical clinical form of myocardial infarction gives complications such as:

1. arrhythmias;
2. of pericarditis;
3. aneurysm;
4. acute heart failure;
5. rupture of the heart wall at the site of the lesion;
6. of post-infarction syndrome;
7. formation of blood clots;
8. of neurotrophic disorders;

Without proper treatment, atypical forms of myocardial infarction can lead to sudden coronary death.

Forecast of

It is difficult to predict the development of the situation, since much depends not only on the form of the infarct, but also on the development of complications, the age of the patient and the response to medication. An infarct is a serious condition that often leads to death.

Statistics show that 10% of the cured patients die within a year of developing complications. Mortality in hospitals is low, because there are all the necessary medicines to stabilize the patient.