Characteristics of the disease of myopia and the code of the disease according to ICD-10

1 Causes of myopia

Eye myopia is a disease of a purely genetic property, as a result of which the original shape of the apple is strongly stretched. Many people suffer from nearsightedness in early adolescence.

If timely not to take appropriate measures, then myopia begins to rapidly progress, which can cause irreparable pathologies of the eye and a significant loss of vision. As a result, the patient may lose some of his former capacity for work.

Also, myopia can be triggered by a past accommodation spasm, which occurs in young people, with keraktoconus, which is characterized by a change in the original shape of the cornea, as well as age-related sclerosis of the lens.

Often for myopia is characterized by a tangible increase in the anterior-posterior part of the eyeball. This emerged pathology is easily solved by suitable glasses or contact lenses, which eliminate the problem only for the time they are worn, the effect of orthokeratological lenses lasts for a couple of hours after their removal. At the same time refractive surgery is not less effective.

According to leading experts of the American Institute of Health, there are no effective methods to ensure complete disposal of myopia, and wearing glasses and contact lenses does not contribute to the progression of the eye disease.

2 The known varieties of the pathology

Ophthalmology distinguishes the following subspecies of myopia:

1. Congenital form is a fairly rare type of myopia, diagnosed practically from the first days of the baby. It can be provoked by various congenital pathologies of the development of the eyeball.
2. High degree - it affects vision deterioration up to 6.25 diopters.
3. Combination - light myopia, where the effective refractive power of the optics of the eye and the total length of its optical axis do not exceed the thresholds that are characteristic of another similar disease - emmetropia. But the general combination of these two important quantities is not capable of providing normal ocular refraction.
4. False or pseudo-myopia is a disease that occurs when the tone of the thin ciliary muscle increases. It completely disappears with the process of normalizing the muscle that has undergone spasm.
5. Transient is a kind of pseudomiopia that begins to progress in the presence of chronic diseases( for example, diabetes) or it can be the result of side effects of some effective drugs.
6. Night - myopia, which provokes a lack of light in the room, it goes away after improving the local illumination.
7. Axial type of myopia occurs when there is a large length of the main optical axis.
8. Complicated myopia - it is characterized by the transformation of the anatomy of the eyes, leading to complete loss of vision.
9. Progressive myopia is characterized by a progressive increase in indices due to the constant extension of the posterior ocular part.
10. Refractive myopia caused by increased refractive power of the optics of the eye.

To diagnose this or that kind of myopia specialists are helped by thorough diagnostics on special high-precision equipment, it is impossible to reveal it with the naked eye.

It is after identifying the variety and the best option is chosen to eliminate the problem with vision. All these types contain a registry of diseases ICD 10, where you can find your disease.

3 Degrees of progression of the disease

In terms of severity, the following degrees of myopia progression are distinguished:

• weak - with an indicator of -3 diopters;
• medium degree - from -3.25 to -6 diopters;
• is high with an average of over -6 diopters.

And a high degree of progression can reach and much more: -15, -20, etc.

At the level of mild or moderate myopia, a complete or partial optical correction is done for the distance, and to work at a closer, comfortable distance from such a diseasewe choose weaker glasses or lenses.

Visual myopia can be congenital in nature, show up over time. A high degree of progression of myopia involves periodic correction, the dioptric value for "distance" and "near" is calculated by individual tolerance. If the selected glasses do not work enough to increase visual acuity, then it is necessary to make the necessary contact correction.

4 Technique of vision correction

Today in medical practice there are 7 basic methods of correction of myopia, namely: habitual glasses, daily contact lenses, soft laser correction of visual defects, rapid refractive lens change, primary implantation of phakic lenses, modern radial keratotomy and effective keratoplasty.

Based on the degree of progression of the disease, a person may have an acute need for wearing lenses or suitable glasses, it can be temporary or permanent. For example, if you need to see something in the distance, or you need glasses when watching TV, long work behind a computer monitor, at the time of driving. All this activity requires the maximum visual concentration.

With diagnosed myopia, the installed force of glasses and convenient contact lenses has numerical designations with a minus sign. With the help of gentle refractive surgery there is a real chance to reduce or even eliminate the need for everyday use of ordinary glasses or various contact lenses.

Recently, a new medical technique with the use of excimer long-wave lasers has gained wide application for correction of myopia.

Real results from this procedure can be obtained with that form of myopia, the indices of which do not exceed -6 diopters. With a relatively high degree of progression of the disease, the cardinal technique of the wave laser treatment is already applied, so that the disease does not regress.

Laser keratomileus, which is a combined laser-surgical procedure, which differs from other methods by its high-tech and comfort for the patients, helps correct myopia, as it allows to achieve complete restoration of visual acuity without constantly wearing glasses or contact lenses. Such correction methods do not imply a complete recovery and cure of the patient from myopia, they are only able to compensate for the loss of visual acuity by changing the profile of the surface layer of the cornea.