The causes of angiopathy of the retina vessels and its treatment

1 Etiology of the disease

Angiopathy of the retina is a difficulty in the flow of blood due to impaired vascular tone of the organ of vision. Sometimes such diagnosis is made to children of the first year of life. Juvenile angiopathy of the retina has not been fully investigated. Sometimes such vascular pathology is observed in adolescents and children. Adults after 30 years most often suffer from such a violation of the functions of the retina.

Factors provoking pathology:

• vascular tone disorder;
• osteochondrosis of the upper segment of the spinal column;
• mechanical eye injury;
• inhalation of tobacco smoke;
• diabetes mellitus;
• intracranial hypertension;
• blood flow disorder;
• of blood disease;
• adverse working conditions;
• physiological features in the elderly;
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• high blood pressure;
• systemic autoimmune diseases;
• features of the structure of blood vessels;
• intoxication of the body.

2 The pathogenesis of retinal angiopathy

A remarkable organ of high sensitivity is the organ of vision. A dense network of vitreous photoreceptor cells is a sensitive retina of the visual apparatus. Many small blood vessels permeate the fundus and form the choroid of the eye. For normal operation of the eye, nutrients are needed that enter the tissues with blood flow. Disturbance of the functioning of the organ of vision immediately occurs due to any pathology of the circulation.

A very delicate substrate is the retina. The image is transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve. The functioning of the eye apparatus directly depends on the state of the choroid. The defeat of the vessels of the organ of vision occurs against a background of various diseases. The state of blood vessels of the retina is directly affected by all diseases that affect the body capillaries and a dense network of elastic tubular formations. Pathology usually affects both eyes.

3 Symptoms of the disease

For a long time, the patient may not report deterioration of vision. At the initial stage of pathology the vessels of the whole organism are affected, but there are no obvious signs of the disease and any complaints from the patient. When examining the fundus, the changes in its tissues are still invisible.

In this disease, pathological processes occur:

• progresses to retinal dystrophy;
• the vascular tone is disturbed;
• develops nearsightedness;
• excessive tortuosity of veins;
• atrophy of the inner shell of the eye;
• narrowing and plugging of the eye arteries;
• retinal dystonia;
• limitation of the functions of the ocular vessels;
• nutrition of the visual apparatus is impaired due to deterioration of blood supply;
• spasms of the vessels of the visual apparatus are reversible and temporary.

Retina angiopathy of both eyes is diagnosed in patients often.

Patients complain of various ophthalmic disorders:

• meteorology and pain of varying intensity in the region of the temples;
• fuzzy vision;
• pseudo sensation of bright flashes of light and fog in the eyes;
• appear small single hemorrhages in the eyeball.

In addition, walking causes pain in the joints and there are repeated bleeding from the nose.

4 Varieties of pathology

Diabetic angiopathy:

1. This is a loss of capillaries, vessels that occurs in diabetic patients.
2. The walls of all the vessels in the body become thin. This leads to frequent hemorrhages and a general disorder of health. The cause of reduced visual acuity in severe cases can be hemorrhages, tissue hypoxia.
3. The processes of destruction of the eye vessels become irreversible even at the initial stage of diabetes. This leads the diabetic to disability.

Hypertension angiopathy:

1. This ophthalmic symptom is directly related to increased blood pressure. To the damage of the eye vessels leads to high blood pressure.
2. The inner layer of the vascular wall of the visual apparatus is destroyed. The ocular bottom in patients with progressive arterial hypertension undergoes serious pathological changes.
3. There is a pronounced deformation of the eye arteries, a violation of their functions. Hypertensive angiopathy of the retina is often observed in pregnant women after the 6th month.
4. After normalization of arterial pressure in the first stage of the disease, it is possible to completely restore the normal state of the inner shell of the eye apparatus.

Hypotonic angiopathy:

1. Its occurrence is associated with a decrease in vascular tone and a violation of normal blood flow in the body. A low level of pressure is noted in the arterial system. In a state of low blood pressure there are also eye vessels.
2. With angiopathy of the retina, the hypotonic type of small vessels are full of blood. At the same time, optimal conditions are created for the appearance of pathological edema and the development of the process of thrombus formation. There is a pulsation of the affected eye veins.
3. Extended convoluted eye capillaries and arterioles are formed. These injuries lead to meteozavisimosti, headaches, dizziness, impaired stability of cerebral circulation.

Traumatic angiopathy:

1. Pathology is caused by mechanical damage to the skull, eye, upper spine, thorax.
2. In a patient with angiopathic retina, eyesight falls significantly, as the lumen of the capillaries of the inner shell of the eye partially closes. In the area of ​​the optic disc, hemorrhages arise. Visual acuity is often only partially restored.
3. To the rupture, deformation of the eye vessels leads to a direct trauma to the organ of vision. Due to the traumatic effect on these vessels, one-sided tissue damage always occurs. Angiopathy of the retina of this type of eye is characterized by a sudden onset.

Venous retinal disease appears as a consequence of systemic diseases. Youthful angiopathy is a very unfavorable option. Against the background of various pathologies, the vessels of the visual apparatus and the development of background angiopathy often occur.

In ophthalmology, three stages of the development of the vascular pathology of the inner shell of the eye are distinguished:

• , minimal changes in the structure of the fundus are noted in angiopathy of the first degree;
• dystonia of the vessels, their significant crimp is characteristic in the defeat of the vessels of the retina of the II degree;
• significant changes in the vascular system of the eye occur with grade III angiopathy.

5 Complications of the

disease In the absence of timely treatment, irreversible effects of the disease occur if angiopathy of the retina of both eyes develops over time. Progression of the present myopia is noted. The eyeball is affected. On its back wall there is a violation of blood filling of veins and arteries. Their thickness changes.

Typical fallout of the fields of vision in a certain area. There is a gradual destruction of the optic nerve fibers. Retinopathy is formed. These are retinal injuries that can lead to complete or partial loss of vision in the third stage of the disease. In 40% of patients, retinopathy develops with the 1 st type of diabetes.

6 Diagnostic methods

In case of diseases of the retina itself, characteristic complaints can be observed, therefore clinical methods are not considered reliable signs. The doctor conducts ophthalmoscopy - examination of the fundus with mandatory enlargement of the pupils. This allows to reveal the manifestations of the vascular pathology of the visual apparatus, to detect dystrophic changes in the fundus and retina. According to the indications, an in-depth instrumental examination, tomogram, angiography is carried out.

7 Medication Therapy

If symptoms occur, treatment for the disease should be adequate. Coordinator of conservative treatment of a patient is a neurologist, an endocrinologist, an ophthalmologist or a therapist. It is necessary to compensate for diseases that predispose to eye pathology of any nature. With hypotension, you need to increase blood pressure. If there was a retinal angiopathy according to the hypertonic type, it is important to reduce BP in a timely manner.

In diabetes mellitus, the level of blood sugar is important to control. Hypertensive retinal angiopathy is effectively treated. The doctor appoints tonic, hypotensive, sugar-reducing drugs. To improve blood circulation, drug treatment is directed. The complex of necessary means is determined by the attending physician together with other specialists.

The doctor prescribes the necessary medications:

1. Strengthen the vascular wall and reduce its permeability of Ginkgo biloba, Parmidin, Emoxipine. With angiopathy of the retina, anabolic steroids are very effective drugs that are taken at the doctor's prescription. Microcirculation in the eye tissues is significantly improved when using Pentoxifylline, Solcoseryl, Actovegin. Effectively liquefies the blood of calcium dozesilate.
2. Tissue metabolism improves ATP, Arbiflex, Cocarboxylase, Trental, Vazonite. Usually the neurologist appoints nootropics.
3. Prophylactic vitamin therapy is needed, so the patient receives Nicotinic acid, B vitamins, Acetylsalicylic acid.
4. When appointing retinal angiopathy treatment, a physician usually conducts a consultation with other specialists to stop at a reasonable minimum of the necessary funds. The endocrinologist selects the necessary dose of medicines to keep the blood sugar level under control.
5. Today, the development of vascular pathology can be effectively prevented if chronic hypertension is diagnosed by a qualified doctor on time. This allows you to stop the development of hypertensive angiopathy of the retina by maintaining proper blood pressure. Arsenal of medicines compels to expand the progression of vascular disorders in diabetes.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment:

• acupuncture;
• laser irradiation;
• magnetotherapy.

Muscle work effectively maintains normal blood circulation, so the necessary physical activity is shown to the patient in any vascular pathology of the visual apparatus. A major role is played by adherence to the prescribed diet. To date, the method of laser coagulation is the most effective in the vascular pathology of the retina.

Angiopathy of the retina of both eyes is a violation of the choroid of the eye. With such pathology, there is a threat of irretrievable vision loss, but this is a reversible condition. The causes, symptoms of this ailment can be different. You can exclude the dysfunction of the eye, reverse all pathological processes at the first stage of the disease. It is necessary in early terms to identify the vascular pathology of the retina and begin treatment of the underlying disease associated with vascular pathology in order to prevent negative changes and restore the health of the eye apparatus.

The recommendations of the attending physician should be carefully observed. The speed of angiopathy depends directly on the effectiveness of drug treatment. The earlier a patient receives a specialist consultation, a therapeutic course is prescribed, the more favorable is the prognosis of the course of the disease. As a rule, during the 1st month there is a positive dynamics of treatment. The condition of the walls of the vessels is normalized.

You can cope with an illness if you take care of your health.