Direct exposure to the surface of the mucous membrane leads to early radiation damage to the intestine. This, in turn, becomes the main cause of the development of the inflammatory process of a non-specific nature, which affects not only the mucous, but also the submucosal layer. Radiation( radiation) colitis is characterized by a disruption in the process of parietal digestion, as well as absorption of food ingredients and liquids. In this case there is edema, hemorrhage and hyperemia of the mucous membrane lining the intestine.
For post-radiation lesions of the intestine, violations of the integrity of small arterioles are characteristic, as a result of which development of ischemia of the mucous membrane, which has a chronic character, develops. Post-acute colitis is accompanied by atrophic processes on the surface of the mucous membrane, as well as reactive fibrosis, against which intestinal bleeding appears.
Symptoms of radial colitis
At the first stages of the symptoms of post-radial colitis are similar to clinical manifestations of diseases of the large / small intestine that are inflammatory.
The main symptom of radiation colitis is considered uncomfortable sensations in the stomach, in which there is pain, the intensity of which depends on some external factors. In addition, feces appear blood or mucus, the presence of which is explained by erosive and ulcerative lesions of the intestinal walls.
Specialists note the acute course of radiation colitis and the similarity of its manifestations with the ischemic form of the disease. Upon examination, the destruction of the vascular pattern of the mucosa, which lining the intestine, of an atrophic nature, is diagnosed. In addition, scarring or ulcers can be found.
In addition to the main manifestations of uncontrolled alternation of diarrhea and constipation, nausea / vomiting, loss of appetite, which leads to a sharp decrease in weight and general weakness.
In the absence of timely treatment, this disease can cause fistula formation between the rectum and other organs.
Features of the diagnosis of radiation colitis
It should be noted that the symptoms of radiation colitis can occur after 2 years after direct exposure, which is why it is often difficult to establish an accurate diagnosis.
First of all, the procedure for endoscopy of the intestine, during which can be diagnosed excessive swelling of the mucous membrane, pronounced hyperemia and contact bleeding. In addition, with the radiation form of the disease on the surface of the mucous membrane, petechial hemorrhages are noted.
To determine the extent of the pathological process and the development of fistula / scars, an X-ray examination using a contrast medium is performed.
Treatment of post-radiation colitis
There is no single regimen for the treatment of this disease, the selection of the components of the course of therapy in each case is individual and depends on both the symptoms of radiation colitis and the nature of its course. In addition to the main anti-inflammatory drug therapy, specialists pay attention to the normalization of the absorption of vitamin B12, as well as the prevention of anemia.
In the treatment of radiation colitis, special attention is paid to a diet that will ensure normal intestinal motility and prevent stool disorders. It is forbidden to eat dairy products, nuts, fatty and fried dishes, vegetables and fruits that have not been pre-treated, as well as chocolate, drinks containing caffeine and alcohol. In addition, it is important during the day to consume at least 3 liters of liquids.
According to statistical data, timely therapy provides a stable remission, only in 20% of cases when diagnosing( radiation) radiation colitis serious complications occur.