Symptoms of diabetes in children

click fraud protection

Earlier, diabetes in a child was considered a fatal disease, modern medicine allows small diabetics to live a full life. For timely diagnosis, you need to know the main signs of diabetes in children.

Causesoccurrence

Diabetes mellitus can occur in a child at any age, sometimes the disease has an innate nature. Diagnosis of pathology in 0.1-0.3% of children. The main cause of the disease is the state of the pancreas, in children it is very small, the synthesis of insulin is adjusted by 5 years.

Important! Most often, diabetes develops at the age of 6-12 years.

The main causes of diabetes in a child:

• Diabetes mellitus in children 1 year old is hereditary, especially if the disease is diagnosed in the mother during pregnancy - the placenta absorbs sugar well, it begins to accumulate in the fetal tissues;
• children who have a birth weight above 4.5 kg are at risk;
• severe viral diseases - with mumps, rubella, chickenpox, hepatitis of viral origin, the pancreas suffers;
• obesity - children's love for sweets causes the pancreas to work harder, insulin begins to be synthesized in less quantity;
• sedentary lifestyle - modern children spend a lot of time near the computer, rarely walk in the fresh air, which leads to obesity, the development of diabetes;
• frequent colds lead to a rapid deterioration of the immune system - antibodies begin to be produced continuously, destroy their own cells.

Diabetes in adolescents can occur due to hormonal imbalance. At this age, active growth of internal organs begins, which can cause various malfunctions in the body.

How is diabetes mellitus in children

If parents are sensitive to the health of the child, they can quickly notice the first signs of diabetes. Disease in children develops very quickly, delay can lead to the development of irreversible pathologies, diabetic coma. With diabetes, all processes of metabolism in the body fail.

Symptoms of infantile diabetes:

• the child constantly wants to drink, drinks greedily and a lot, but can not get drunk;
• complains of dry mouth;
• urinary incontinence at night, more than 2 liters of light urine are released per day;
• in children up to a year on a background of diabetes often causes nausea and vomiting;
• begins to deteriorate eyesight;
• itching, pustules on the skin, the skin becomes very dry;
• sharp weight loss with increased appetite;
• drowsiness, apathy, a sharp change of mood.

Important! Even with the appearance of one anxiety symptom it is necessary to consult a pediatrician, to undergo a survey.

Types of diabetes in children are the same as in adults. Diabetes is of type 1( insulin-dependent form) and 2 types. At children the disease on the first type for which reduction of synthesis of insulin is characteristic more often develops. With type 2 diabetes mellitus, children can be normalized without medication.

Diagnosis and treatment

The first question that arises in the parents of a small diabetic is whether it is treated or not, this is a disease. In modern medicine, there is no means to completely rid the child of diabetes. Therapy is aimed at normalizing the metabolic processes, parents should constantly monitor the blood sugar level.

To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to make a urine test for glucose - in normal urine should not contain sugar. To determine the level of sugar in the blood, you need to do an analysis on an empty stomach. Normally, the parameters for a child under 2 years of age are 2, 8-4, 5 mmol / l, at the age of 2-6 years - 3.3-5 mmol / l, in schoolchildren - no more than 5.5 units. Additionally, ultrasound of the pancreas is performed to detect changes in the structure.

Modern methods of treatment:

1. Treatment of type 1 diabetes in children occurs with the help of insulin preparations - Protofan, Actrapid. Insulin should be administered 15-30 minutes before a meal, the effect of medicines lasts 7-8 hours. It is necessary to undergo a course of angioprotectors, take vitamin complexes, take drugs to improve liver function, cholagogue medicines.
2. Pancreas transplantation is a radical therapy that is used in extreme cases. The operation is complex, expensive, the probability of organ rejection, the development of pancreatitis and other associated diseases is high.
3. Treatment without insulin is possible only with type 2 diabetes. Therapy will include diet therapy, preventive measures, exercise therapy and massage.

Important! Diabetics should eat 6 times a day, fasting is prohibited, the total amount of carbohydrate should not be more than 400 g. It is necessary to monitor the observance of drinking regimen - the child should drink about 1, 5 liters of clean water without gas.

Treatment with folk remedies

Nontraditional methods of treatment are especially effective in type 2 diabetes, folk remedies should be reasonably combined with medication, diet, exercise. Any herbal therapy should be agreed with the attending physician.

Fresh small beetroot juice is useful for small diabetics - it needs to be taken 50 ml 4 times a day. After squeezing the drink should be allowed to stand for 20 minutes. In addition, you should eat 5 grams of mustard seeds three times a day.

Collection for the treatment of diabetes:

• leaves blueberries - 30 g;
• bean leaves - 30 g;
• flaxseed - 30 g;
• chopped straw of green oats - 30 g.

Brew 15 g mixture of 500 ml of boiling water, leave overnight. Take 100 ml three times a day for half an hour before meals.

Infusion from the kidneys of lilac helps to normalize the level of sugar. Raw materials should be collected in the spring during swelling, after which it is good to dry. The medicine is prepared from 5 g of kidney and 300 ml of boiling water. Drink 15 ml of the drink three times a day.

Possible complications of

Without correct and timely treatment, a child with diabetes begins to lag behind in growth and development, the illness is often accompanied by mental and behavioral disorders.

Consequences of diabetes mellitus:

• enlargement of the liver against a background of excessive glycogen and fat content in the body;
• kidney failure;
• diabetic vascular changes;
• ischemia;
• ulcers, diabetic foot, gangrene;
• severe deterioration of vision until complete blindness.

Newborns with diabetes often fall into a coma, they have impaired cerebral circulation.

Prevention

Breast milk helps to form a strong immune system, so you should breast-feed at least 12 months.

Important! In children who have not been breastfed, diabetes develops more often. In the mixtures there is a protein that depresses the functions of the pancreas.

It must be ensured that the child is fed regularly and correctly, that the minimum amount of foods with fast carbohydrates should be in the diet. But it is impossible to completely deprive the children of sweets - sugar is good for the brain. Daily on the menu should be fresh vegetables and fruits. With diabetes it is forbidden to eat semolina, rice, potatoes in any form, pasta. The daily dose of bread is not more than 100 g.

The following products are useful in diabetes: peas, beans, all kinds of cabbage, leafy vegetables, buckwheat porridge, zucchini and eggplant.

In case of irregular eating, blood sugar may drop below critical levels. The child begins to tremble, complains of a headache, the pulse becomes rapid. The face becomes pale, sweating increases, and sometimes loss of consciousness.

With rapid glycemia, you can not panic, you need to give your child a sweet tea, give a piece of sugar or candy. Parents of small diabetics should always have sweets in stock. If the child is unconscious, you should not drink and feed, but you need to immediately call an ambulance.

Physical loads contribute to better absorption of glucose, strengthen the protective functions of the body. Training should be regular, but not intensive.

If the family has diabetics, the child suffers from obesity or improper metabolism, it is necessary to register with the endocrinologist, and regularly undergo a survey.

Diabetes mellitus in children is rarely diagnosed, most often the disease is hereditary, it develops against the background of obesity, weakened immunity. Proper nutrition, regular moderate exercise, walking outdoors, hardening - all this helps to protect the child from the onset of a serious illness.