1 General information about the pathologies of
Stroke is a sharp violation of the blood circulation of the brain, which causes damage and dying of the nervous tissues for a short period of time. As a result, the work of individual plots as well as the whole brain is stopped.
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In medicine, there are several basic types of stroke:
- Ischemic - occurs due to sharp narrowing or clogging of arteries feeding the brain. The tissue cells die in such cases without obtaining the necessary nutrients and oxygen.
- Hemorrhagic - occurs as a result of intracerebral hemorrhage, the causes of which are hypertension, atherosclerosis, beriberi, blood diseases, inflammations and ruptures of blood vessels.
- Subarachnoid - occurs as a result of hemorrhage due to craniocerebral trauma or spontaneous rupture of the thinned wall of the artery.
Infarction is the necrosis of various internal organs due to insufficient blood supply caused by thrombosis, embolism, prolonged spasm of the arteries. There is a heart attack of the kidneys, liver, spleen and other organs.
Cardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction - necrosis of the site of the heart muscle as a result of blockage of blood vessels. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is coronary artery atherosclerosis, thrombosis and clogging of blood vessels with fatty plaques.
2 Manifestations of diseases
Diseases have a number of similar symptoms, as well as signs that are unique to each specific pathology.
Common manifestations of diseases can be acute headache, loss of consciousness, breathing disorder, pain in the heart area, numbness of the facial muscles, a sharp increase in blood pressure, palpitations, pallor and lowering of body temperature.
3 Symptoms typical for stroke
In various types of pathology, vomiting, speech disorders, movement coordination, partial or complete paralysis are possible.
You can determine the stroke in the patient by asking him to perform the following actions:
- Try to smile. The smile at the stroke will be asymmetrical, the corners of the lips will be directed upwards from one side and downwards from the other.
- Pronounce a simple sentence to identify a speech disorder.
- Raise your hands to check coordination of movement.
- To stick out a tongue - in case of a stroke, it can fall on one side.
4 Symptoms of myocardial infarction
The main signs inherent in myocardial infarction are the discoloration of the lips, face as a whole and ear lobes. In this case, the lobes and face become darker, become earthy, and the lips acquire a bluish tinge.
Provision of first-aid first aid during a stroke:
- Do not give the patient to eat or drink, as swallowing organs can be paralyzed. Water or food can get into the respiratory system and cause suffocation.
- For initial manifestations of emetic spasms, the patient should be placed in such a position that vomiting does not enter the respiratory tract.
- The injured person must be weakened by tight clothing and not allowed to make sudden movements.
- In case of loss of consciousness and absence of signs of life, the patient should be given artificial respiration.
Provision of first aid for myocardial infarction:
- The patient should be seated in the reclining position on the furniture with the back so that he can lean back and relax on it.
- Loosen tight clothing.
- Give the patient to take nitroglycerin or 6 tablets of aspirin if the patient does not have any allergies to it. In this case, a person must chew tablets for rapid assimilation.
- In case of loss of consciousness and pulse, perform an indirect heart massage.
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Given the high mortality in such cases, it is very important to have a general idea of the difference in the symptoms of a stroke and a heart attack for the correct choice of the first pre-hospital care for the victim.
It is especially important to know the difference between the manifestations of pathologies for those close to those people who are predisposed to a heart attack or stroke.