Arterial hypotension is quite common in adolescents and adults, according to literature data, up to 20% of adults and adolescents can feel the effect of low blood pressure. It is more common in young people due to the predominance of the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system (vagotonia).
The figure above shows the sequence of actions for fainting with hypotension. It should be noted that fainting conditions in persons suffering from this pathology are usually observed in the following situations:
- Long stay in a stuffy and cramped room, a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the ambient air (for example, vehicles, queues at a store, clinic, etc.).
- Performing physical activity on an empty stomach.
- Hiking and long excursions to the mountains.
- Stay in high temperature mode (for example, in summer, in a hot workshop, etc.).
- Rocking in buses, trolleybuses, sea transport, etc.
In this regard, in addition to the therapeutic measures indicated in the figure, it is necessary to add:
- Counting the respiratory rate and pulse on the carotid artery, if it is possible to register blood pressure figures using a tonometer.
- Clarification of the cause of the decrease in blood pressure (vagotonia, drugs, or chronic diseases)
- Ensuring the flow of fresh air - open the window, unfasten the top buttons on the clothes.
- Treatment of motion sickness, if the cause of fainting is this (for example, with the help of drugs based on dimensionhydrinate - Dramina, Ciel, Aviamarin).
- At high ambient temperatures, lowering it and body temperature with the help of special cooling bags, cool water, iced tea.
- If there is no effect from the events within 10-15 minutes, you must call an ambulance.
It should be remembered that to differentiate syncope due to hypotension from other causes at the prehospital stage almost impossible, therefore, in this case, a doctor's consultation is required to exclude life-threatening states.
