Acute pancreatitis refers to diseases caused by destructive changes in the inflammatory pancreas. In this process, both the tissues of the pancreas and the tissues of the abdominal space can be involved. It is very important to constantly observe the pathogenesis of such a disease, because it is on it that the formation of new methods of treatment of patients with a similar diagnosis depends.
The etiology of such a disease is clearly traced, only in 80% of patients, in the remaining 20% of patients the cause of the disease development remains uncertain. Among the most common causes in the etiology of acute pancreatitis are mechanical, neurohumoral and toxic factors. Very often, when studying such a disease as an acute form of pancreatitis, alcoholism takes the leading place among the causes of the onset. Similarly, in some cases, the etiology of acute pancreatitis may be associated with biliary tract disease or abdominal injury. Many of the causes associated with the etiology of this disease can be both acquired property and innate nature. After all, sometimes acute forms of pancreatitis can develop due to hereditary disorders of metabolic processes. In some cases, etiological studies have identified duodenal ulcer and many other diseases of internal organs as the causes of the development of the disease. Constant studies of the etiology of this disease, allow to establish all the new causes of its occurrence. Therefore, etiological findings are very important in the prevention of acute forms of pancreatitis.
The pathogenesis of this disease, as a rule, is determined by enzymatic processes of destructive nature. Such an enzyme theory is the leading one in the pathogenesis of this disease. An important role is also played by premature activation of the enzyme system and the consequent damage to cell membranes, as well as disruption of transmembrane bonds.
One of the leading links in the pathogenesis of the acute form of pancreatitis is the effect of trypsin at the time of the disease on the kallikrein-kinin system, with the formation of aggressive factors that actively influence microcirculation disorders, the appearance of edema and increased vascular permeability.
Another important factor of pathogenesis is inflammatory reactions of various nature, disturbances in the functioning of the cardiac and respiratory system. In the pathogenesis of this disease there are many complex processes that have a negative and destructive effect on the human body.
The study of the etiology and causes of this disease, as well as studies of the pathogenesis of its course, allows for the formation of more effective methods of treatment and to permanently reduce mortality from acute pancreatitis.
Causes of Acute Pancreatitis
The pathogenesis of the disease in the acute phase is characterized by a sudden, sudden and rapid destruction of the pancreas in a relatively short time.
In the acute course of pancreatitis, typical symptoms are noted:
- sharp pains in the upper part of the abdomen, which give back and blade area;
- is not a pain-relieving vomiting;
- heart palpitations;
- temperature increase;
- stool disorder from constipation to diarrhea;
- remains of undigested food in the stool;
- nausea and aversion to food.
In case of an acute attack, hypoxia may occur - difficulty with breathing, failure of the kidneys, or infection of the pancreas.
Acute pancreatitis occurs due to abuse of alcohol. Severe symptoms are observed after 12-48 hours after they are taken and can last for several days. As a rule, they arise at night after a dense dinner with alcohol.
Pain syndrome can occur due to overeating in the presence of cholecystopancreatitis, in which the work of the gallbladder is disrupted. Gallstones begin to move, they block the ducts into the duodenum. Enzymes of the pancreas remain inside it and actively destroy it.
If the attack is not strong, the inflammation foci are small, it will pass by itself. However, further abuse of alcohol, fatty, salted, smoked food can cause serious disorders in the pancreas. With an acute attack of pancreatitis with severe pain, medical care is extremely necessary, otherwise the inflammatory process will quickly destroy the gland and a fatal outcome is possible.