The method of removal of polyps of the rectum is selected taking into account various factors. It is important to take into account the size of the neoplasm, what shape, where it is in relation to the anus. Not the least role is played by the number of benign neoplasms, as well as the morphological structure of each. If one polyp of the rectum is detected, the operation is of a minimally invasive nature.
For its implementation, endoscopic instruments are used, which allow to minimize risks and reduce the duration of the postoperative rehabilitation period. In any case, whichever method is chosen, during the operation a biopsy of the rectum polyp is mandatory. Histology is designed to give an answer to the question whether there are signs of a benign neoplasm transformation into a malignant tumor.
What operations are used to remove polyps in the rectum?
- Polypectomy.
- Laser
- Transanal excision.
- Resection of the part of the intestine where the neoplasms are located.
- Endomycrosurgical removal of formations.
Polypectomy in the rectum
Polypectomy is represented by two methods: operation using a sigmoidoscope and a colonoscope. What are the differences between the two technologies?
Recto-manoscopy is performed using a sigmoidoscope - a diagnostic metal tube that is inserted into the anus. At the end of the tube there is a lighting device and an air supply. It allows you to inflate the inside of the hollow organ, organizing space for further work.
Nozzle for air supply is removed, then an eyepiece is installed, with which the proctologist can study the condition of the mucosa at a distance of 30 cm from the anus. Such an operation is performed under local anesthesia, the tube is plentifully lubricated with petroleum jelly, polyps in the rectum are removed either by a loop or by forceps, a biopsy must be performed after removal of the polyp of the rectum.
If the growth is located further than 30 cm from the anus, colonoscopy is used. This procedure uses a special probe instead of a metal tube. Its length is 145 cm, so you can easily carry out not only the removal of polyps in the rectum, but also to examine the furthest parts of the large intestine.
Answering the question, how to remove the polyp of the rectum, the proctologist pays attention to the device of the endoscope itself. At its end there is a camera, it allows to display the image on the monitor, the doctor does not blindly and perfectly sees how to approach the neoplasm, where it is located, what size, what kind of nature each specific polyp of the rectum, the operation is carried out under local anesthesia under stationary conditions.
The diameter of the flexible hose is only 10 mm, but inside it there are thin channels, through which you can enter different nozzles: loops, forceps, biopsy devices, installations capable of inflating the hollow organ from the inside. The probe allows you to remove the polyp of the rectum by laser or current. Advantages of colonoscopy are many:
- It is not highly traumatic.
- Well tolerated by patients. After removal of the polyp of the rectum, slight discomfort is possible, due to the presence of air inside the hollow organ. If it does not come out naturally, proctologists recommend drinking any absorbent.
- There are no contraindications to colonoscopy.
- After the procedure, the patient goes home. Absence of the rehabilitation period is the main bonus.
- After a colonoscopy, there is no need to follow a therapeutic diet.
Transanal removal of rectum polyp
Transanal removal of polyp of the rectum is selected when the tumor is not further than 10 cm from the anus. The patient is thoroughly cleaned by the intestine, is given a local anesthetic and dilates the anal canal with a mirror device.
Then, using special forceps, the leg of the built-up edge is pulled back and its head is cut off with a scalpel. A mucosal wall defect is sutured with a catgut suture. If the polyp does not have a leg and consists only of an oval base, the operation is performed as follows: the oval is literally cut out and the lesion is removed beyond the mucosa. The defect is sutured with the same catgut suture.
Rectal resection for removal of polyposis
When a polyposis is found, removal of the congestion from the rectum is performed by resection of the affected area. How are the neoplasms removed? The front or back wall, or the whole section as a whole, can be cut out, then two formed free ends are sewn together. There are cases when diffuse polyposis is diagnosed. This diagnosis indicates that the patient has a cluster of more than 100 growths at a time. In this case, you have to remove the whole rectum as a whole, and sometimes the large intestine at the same time.
Endoscopic removal of polyps
Endomycrosurgical removal of polyps of the rectum is used when it is possible to detect polyps at the earliest stages of formation. This method has its advantages.
- First, you can remove from any other part of the intestine.
- Secondly, it becomes possible to stop bleeding by any available means: coagulation, piercing, laser.
- Third, the method allows you to remove not only the built-up edge, but also the surrounding tissues. This is very valuable when it is necessary to produce an accurate histology.
As you can see, the operation can be performed in different ways. The choice of method depends on where you want to delete the polyp.