Symptoms and treatment of subdural hematoma of the brain

1 Symptoms of the disease

Blood clotting occurs as a result of rupture of blood vessels due to their mechanical damage. Signs of such a violation are very diverse. They arise at different speeds and manifest themselves with varying amplitude and intensity. Depending on the mechanism of exposure, blood formations appear on one or both sides.

Symptoms of subdural hematoma may be as follows:

1. Characteristic pain in the site of impact. She disappears in a state of rest, intensifying with excitement and physical exertion.
2. Unreasonable mental agitation. A person can show increased activity, aggression and run into a riot.
3. General deterioration of health. The patient has psychological depression, fatigue and fatigue.
4. Sudden fits of lightness. They can pass without consequences, but often end with vomiting or fainting.
5. Seizures and epileptic seizures. They can arise at any time of the day and in any situation.
6. Sharply changes in blood pressure. They arise for no apparent reason and are extremely painful. The patient has a noise and a knock in the ears, hearing and vision are impaired. In some cases, possible nosebleeds.
   instagram viewer
7. Problems with breathing. There is a feeling of lack of air. The patient breathes often and intermittently, becoming covered with a sticky sweat.

In particularly difficult cases, a person falls into a coma.

2 Causes of the emergence of the disease

The appearance of blood in the brain region is preceded by the rupture of blood vessels passing directly next to the hemispheres. Filling this area with a liquid leads to the formation of excess pressure. The danger is that the blood does not move in the cavity. Necrosis and suppuration develop. Delay with medical help is fraught with inflammation of the brain and rapid death.

The causes of subdural hematoma may be as follows:

• getting into an accident on motor vehicles;
• Strong blow with a heavy and hard object over the head;
• fall, which is accompanied by a strong concussion;
• injury, obtained during power combat;
• wound associated with participation in hostilities.

Acute hematoma formed almost instantaneously. Its symptoms are manifested in a short time.

Older people may have a chronic form of this ailment. The reason for it is frequent and weak shaking due to regular falls and bumps on the corners and walls. The development of the disease occurs smoothly and almost imperceptibly. The crisis may come even after a few months.

3 Diagnosis of head trauma

Identification of subdural hematoma is associated with numerous difficulties associated with various forms of its manifestation. This is due to the differences in the severity of the injuries, the head area and the individual characteristics of the patient. The role is played and the initial impact on the skull. The level of hemorrhage depends on how the deformation of the brain occurred: from a blow to the head or from sudden braking( falling).

During the examination of the patient, the following measures are carried out:

1. External examination. During this process, the circumstances of the injury and its external manifestations are established. The doctor determines the presence of external injuries on the bones of the skull. In addition, bleeding from the nose and ears is indicative of brain damage.
2. Radiography. The picture shows the presence of cracks and fractures of the skull or its base. By combining the pathology of the skull, a primary diagnosis is established.
3. Cerebral angiography. A clear sign of subdural hematoma is the presence of characteristic bands in areas of the squeezed hemispheres of the brain.
4. Magnetic resonance tomography. Pictures obtained with the help of this device allow to obtain an accurate layer-by-layer picture of all the injuries that affect the brain, bones and blood vessels.

Based on the findings, a diagnosis is made and a course of treatment is prescribed. As a rule, it begins immediately.

4 Treatment actions

Depending on the nature of the injury received and the patient's condition, conservative or surgical treatment is used. In many ways, this choice is due to the characteristics of the patient's body.

Surgical intervention is performed in those cases when there is a critical squeezing of the brain and its displacement. In these cases, delay is unacceptable. Removal of the hematoma is performed after trepanation of the skull. The opening area corresponds to the size of the formed hematoma. During the operation, the tumor is removed and bleeding stops. After the vessels are restored, the hard shell of the brain and bone tissue is cross-linked. In the end, the skin is sewn up.

Drug treatment is used in those cases when the size of the hematoma does not exceed 10 mm and does not tend to increase. In this case, the pressure is far from critical. The patient experiences only minor discomfort. After a certain time, adaptation begins, and around the hematoma a capsule is formed. In the absence of repeated traumas, the development of the disease is not observed. With the timely detection of hematoma and the rapid provision of medical care, the likelihood of recovery is significantly increased. In many ways the success of treatment depends on the age and the presence of bad habits in the patient. Young and healthy people have much more chances for recovery.