Norm and deviation of eye pressure

1 Medical indications

Ophthalmotonus performs the function of maintaining and feeding the spherical shell shape. The formation of eye pressure occurs due to the inflow and outflow of the eye fluid. If the amount of fluid is higher than normal, then the indicator of intraocular pressure is increased.

Normally, eye pressure in a woman and a man should be between 10-23 mm Hg. Art. This level contributes to the preservation of micro circulatory and metabolic processes occurring in the eyes. The pressure norm allows maintaining the optical properties of the retina at the desired level. Disturbance of vision functionality is associated with an increase in ophthalmotonus. The risk group for problems with intraocular pressure includes patients older than 40 years. Untimely treatment of ailment contributes to the development of glaucoma.

This parameter can be changed throughout the day. Intraocular pressure is considered normal if the difference in the indices does not exceed 3 mm Hg. Art. It can be adjusted with various medications. To get a positive effect, the eyes take time to get used to. The choice of the drug is carried out individually. Reasons for lowering the intraocular pressure:

• decrease in the value of blood pressure( scientists have proved that the parameters of arterial and intraocular pressure are dependent on each other: when hypotension occurs, the process of reducing the pressure in the capillaries of the eyes occurs);
• complications arising from the background of previous surgery;
• foreign body;
• eye injury;
• slight hydration of the eye, which can occur in case of severe inflammation;
• infection.

2 Risk Factors

The eyes of a patient with hypotension cease to radiate luster, dryness appears, and eyeballs can be observed. If the intraocular pressure decreases slowly, then it is almost impossible to detect the symptoms of the disease. In this case, the patient gradually loses sight. Intraocular pressure with an elevated value is of 3 types:

• stable( the indicator constantly exceeds the norm);
• is labile( the parameter can increase periodically, gradually returning to the normal range);
• is transient( the value is increased 1 time and is of a short duration, then the pressure is stabilized).

To the reasons for increasing the intraocular pressure of the transient type, physicians refer to hypertension. This parameter can increase with eye strain. In this case, there is an increase in intracranial pressure. The following factors influence the increase in pressure in the eyes:

• stress;
• malfunctions in the functioning of the nervous system;
• various kidney diseases;
• intoxication.

Intraocular pressure manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• red eyes;
• intense headaches.

The decrease and increase in the intraocular pressure parameter may cause a subsequent deterioration in vision.

A dangerous complication of this condition is considered an ophthalmo-hypertonus, which indicates the development or high risk of glaucoma.

Transient ophthalmotonus does not need treatment. In this case, you need to reduce the load by periodically performing special exercises. In the case of a labile ophthalmotonus, it is recommended to visit the office of an ophthalmologist. With stable ophthalmic hypertension, conservative treatment or surgical intervention is performed. The main goal of such procedures should be to decrease the value of eye pressure.

3 Therapy methods

Diagnostic methods help avoid a variety of complications associated with irregular ophthalmotonus. Doctors recommend every person to check the intraocular pressure every 3 years. Persons over the age of 50 must visit the doctor 5 times a year. The methods by which the ophthalmotonus is determined:

• palpator technique - the ophthalmologist determines the value of the parameter with the help of palpation of the eyeball, this diagnosis is used in the presence of special equipment;
• contactless tonometry - this technique consists in exposing the patient's eye to a portion of compressed air directed under pressure, according to changes occurring in the cornea, the ophthalmologist estimates the level of the ophthalmotonus.

Intraocular pressure is treated taking into account the cause of its occurrence. If the ophthalmotonus is developed against a background of a certain disease, then at the end of its cure the eye pressure is normalized. In the presence of pathology, the patient is prescribed special eye drops.

When a glaucoma is detected, the doctor prescribes drugs whose action is aimed at reducing ophthalmotonus indicators( Fotil, Travoprost and Pilocarpine).In case of detection of eye inflammatory disease, antibacterial treatment is performed.

With the development of visual computer syndrome, drops that moisturize the eyes are used. These drugs relieve increased fatigue and dryness. In addition, the doctor can prescribe exercises of eye gymnastics and vitamins useful for vision( Blueberry-forte, Okuvait).

If medication fails to produce a positive result, then surgery or laser correction is performed.

4 Effective drops

With the help of special drops it is possible to normalize the pressure of the fundus. These products impregnate tissues from all sides, contributing to the removal of excess fluid from the eyeball. Drops for the treatment of ophthalmotonus are divided into the following types:

1. Prostaglandins. They increase the amount of the outflowing aqueous humor. A few hours after instillation, the ophthalmotonus parameter decreases noticeably. When using prostaglandins there is a change in the color of the iris, redness of the eyes may appear.
2. Holinomimetiki. They affect the contraction of the eye muscles. To side effects of such medications include a narrowing of the pupil and limitation of the visual field.
3. Beta-blockers. They are designed to reduce the amount of fluid produced in the eyeball. The drug begins to act 30 minutes after use. Side effects include bronchial spasm and decreased heart rate.
4. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase. Such remedies do not adversely affect the work of the heart and respiratory organs. Patients suffering from various renal ailments are advised to use inhibitors as directed by the treating physician.

Complications that develop against the background of an ophthalmotonus can lead to severe visual impairment or complete blindness. When glaucoma is an additional examination of the patient. Prophylaxis of an ailment consists in observance of a regimen of the day, proper nutrition, reduction of physical exertion, rejection of bad habits. To ensure intraocular pressure in an adult and a child was normal, special gymnastics are carried out. Exercises contribute to the removal of fatigue and tension, strengthening of ocular muscles. For prolonged use of the computer, it is recommended to take breaks.