Hemorrhoids are characterized by a violation of the outflow of blood in the plexus of the vessels of the rectum. Due to stagnation, the vascular structures located at the exit from the anus are enlarged in size and protrude. Anatomical features of the development of the disease are as follows:
- The length of the rectum in an adult is approximately 14-15 cm. The wall of the rectum consists of the muscular layer, submucosal and mucous membranes. This organ nourishes three rectal arteries.
- The rectum consists of several departments. Hemorrhoids develops in the anal canal, the duration of which is 4 cm.
- The mucous layer of the anal canal in the "calm" state is collected in folds. When defecating due to existing folds, the anal canal can grow in diameter, allowing feces to go out.
- In the area of the anus, the mucosa passes into the skin. The whole canal is permeated with a number of nerve endings that, in inflammation, mechanical damage and other dysfunctions, signal the brain for pain.
- The anal area of the intestine is designed in such a way that if necessary a person performs emptying, while at the same time could control the movement of stool and gases. This is the muscles of the perineum and sphincters of the anus.
- In the upper part of the anal canal and at the end of the rectum there are vascular plexuses. When blood is stagnant, hemorrhoids are formed in these regions. If the pathological process passes at the top of the anal canal, internal hemorrhoids develop, if in the lower part - the external.
How does blood stasis occur during hemorrhoids?
Numerous vessels of the rectum resemble a sponge. The sponge was called "cavernous tissue".This body, along with muscles and sphincters, serves as a "padding", allowing to control the output of stool and gases from the intestine.
Congestion leads to a disruption of the blood supply to the rectum, the walls of which become too thin or, conversely, thickened. Therefore, our ancestors called hemorrhoids - "bad blood."Today, medical pathological processes are called "dystrophy" of the mucous membrane. When blood flow is disturbed, cavernous tissue increases in size. Its internal volume increases. The formation of the cone is accompanied by a feeling of the full intestine, the sensation of a foreign object in the anus. The man strains, the influx grows, and the outflow does not occur. The plexus of the vessels acquires a larger volume, the rectum "tends" to push out "all that is superfluous" due to muscular contractions, which leads to a weakening of the supporting apparatus that holds the cavernous tissue in place. If the stagnation of the blood continues, the system does not hold the hemorrhoidal nodules, they begin to drop until they fall out of the anus at all.
Why does hemorrhoids cause stagnation of blood in the rectum?
Hemorrhoids are caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure, which occurs if the lower hollow vein is squeezed. To cause a violation of outflow of blood and hemorrhoids can:
- sedentary work;
- inactivity;
- constipation;
- physical activity.
During pregnancy and childbirth on the vein, the pressure of the uterus is greatly increased in size. Stiffening during the birth process creates conditions for blood stagnation with the subsequent development of hemorrhoids. The disease can be inherited! More precisely, the inconsistency of connective tissue, leading to stagnation and development of hemorrhoids, may be a hereditary factor. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: infectious diarrhea or constipation, accompanied by false urge to defecate, excessive straining lead to a strong blood flow to the rectum and its stagnation as a result of outflow disorders.