Infectious colitis is an inflammation of the mucosa due to the fault of an infection in the body. For a long time, the bacteria in the body do not cause any symptoms. But it is necessary only pathogenic bacteria to get into the body and absorb already existing harmless, as, immediately, a person will feel the first bell about the infection. Such microorganisms easily infect the large intestine. If they are ingested due to contaminated foods, food poisoning occurs.
Microorganisms that infect the intestines:
- E. coli.
- Shigella.
- Salmonella.
- Campylobacter.
Each of these can lead to various complications. For example, they can lead to bloody diarrhea, which will subsequently cause dehydration and anemia.
Lamblia can also cause diarrhea. In the body, they appear after drinking contaminated water. Infected water can be anywhere, it's pools, and a lake, and a river and even a well.
Infectious colitis can be both bacterial and pseudomembranous. Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by microorganisms called clostridium. In most cases, they are activated after a prolonged intake of antibiotics that have been used to treat an infection. It has long been known that taking antibiotics affects the normal flora of the intestine. Such infectious colitis is accompanied by diarrhea and fever. Diarrhea in this case does not have blood impurities.
Symptoms and treatment of infectious colitis
Symptoms in infectious colitis are quite extensive. Everything depends on the nature of its origin and the individual characteristics of the organism. The main symptoms of infectious colitis of the intestine:
- Diarrhea, sometimes with an admixture of blood and mucus.
- Fever.
- Anemia and dehydration.
- Internal mucosal edema is possible.
- The color of the tongue may take a gray tint.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Discomfort and pain in the abdomen.
- Meteorism and bloating.
- General weakness.
- Decreased appetite.
If you notice such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Treatment of infectious colitis includes, above all, a program for the intake of antibacterial drugs and sulfonamides. At the same time, before appointing a course of taking medications, the doctor should conduct a series of tests on the sensitivity of bacteria to a particular substance. To eliminate toxins in infectious colitis, well-suited: activated, white coal, Polysorb, Enterosgel. In case of severe pain, anesthetics or antispasmodics are used. The disease is accompanied by diarrhea, and, therefore, antidiarrheal drugs are mandatory for use.
Post-infectious colitis
Post-infectious colitis is most common in young children. The cause of this disease is the recently transferred intestinal infections, such as salmonella, dysentery, coli or diarrhea of unexplained etiology. The disease is characterized by frequent stools, sometimes more than 3 times a day. At the same time, the feces are cough-like, liquid, with a gray tinge and an unpleasant odor. Sometimes with postinfection colitis in feces, an admixture of blood and mucus is possible. Also, recurrent pain in the left side of the abdomen, a decrease in appetite, and in consequence weight loss predominate.
For the diagnosis use koprologicheskie studies, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and histology. Postinfectious colitis is diagnosed by changing the stool and by the presence of blood in it.
Viral and bacterial colitis
Viral and bacterial colitis are sub-sections of the same type of disease. Infectious colitis combines all these types into one group. They are provoked by the appearance of infection and viruses. Viruses, bacteria and fungi enter the lumen of the intestine, affect the mucous walls, causing damage. Swelling, impaired secretion of mucus and peristalsis, desires for defecation, with desires for the most part painful, often with impurities of blood and mucus. Here are the main symptoms of bacterial and viral colitis. Characteristic of bacteria is the ability to release toxins. In turn, toxins enter the bloodstream, lead to intoxication and significantly increase body temperature and general malaise.
Protozoal colitis
Protozoal colitis is a multiple bowel disease caused by lamblia, dysenteric amoeba, trichomonas and balantidia.40% of patients with chronic enterocolitis show a tendency to develop a protozoal type. This disease is often confused with dysentery due to poor laboratory tests. Protozoal colitis has a high prevalence and abundance of development. Their frequency is often compared with dysentery.
Cytomegalovirus colitis
Cytomegalovirus disease is a consequence of a recent transplantation of organs. The process of the disease begins six months after the operation. At the same time, there is a ratio of 2-15% - these are people who have undergone transplantation and 3-5% are HIV-infected. With good immunity, this disease appears extremely rarely, usually in people taking glucocorticoids.
Cytomegalovirus, abbreviated as CMV is one of the varieties of the herpes family. CMV is herpes of the 5th type. Now, on this basis, there should not be questions about why such a disease occurs in HIV-infected people and people who have just undergone a transplant operation.
Staphylococcal colitis
Staphylococcal enterocolitis is an inflammatory process of the intestine, triggered by staphylococcus. In children, staphylococcal enterocolitis is quite common. With such a disease, you can not delay with treatment. At the first signs you need to immediately consult a doctor. In the future, compulsory procedure is: hospitalization and destruction of all signs of defeat.