Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectal mucosa. Mostly it will be combined with an inflammatory change in the cavity of the sigmoid colon. This condition is observed in people of different age categories, while the same frequency of occurrence in women and men is preserved.
There are several causes that have an impact on the development of inflammation:
- Wrong mode and eating habits: large number of taking spicy foods, alcoholic beverages. Such aspects will lead to the development of alimentary proctitis.
- Presence of permanent constipation, which is accompanied by stagnation in the vein of the wall of the rectum cavity. Due to this, the mucous membrane is injured, and stagnant proctitis occurs.
- Invasive processes by parasites will lead to parasitic disease, and gonococcal infections - to gonorrhea proctitis.
- The presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and rectal cavity, having non-inflammatory nature.
Proctitis forms
Proctitis has two main forms: acute and chronic. They are divided into subgroups. In the ICD 10, proctitis disease has the code K62.8.1.The acute course of the disease is a superficial lesion of the rectal mucosa. There are subgroups such as:
- Catarrhal-hemorrhagic will be characterized by the appearance of a point scattered type of hemorrhage in the mucosa.
- Catarrhal purulent causes a purulent coating on the mucosa.
- Polyposis will be characterized by the appearance of polypoid-like formations on the surface of the mucosa.
- Erosive will be accompanied by the onset of development of sores on the mucosa.
Under the chronic form is understood the development of the disease for a long time, and which will be characterized by deep lesions of the rectal mucosa. The chronic course of inflammation is divided into subgroups:
- In the case of an atrophic type, the mucosal folds have a flatness, and the mucosa itself is exhausted.
- In the case of hypertrophic type, the mucous folds begin to thicken and appear to be loose.
Symptoms of proctitis
The main symptom of acute course is pain in the cavity of the rectum, accompanied by blood and putrefactive discharge from the anus. It is worth noting that such feelings will intensify with the act of defecation. In some cases, with acute proctitis, men and women may have a fever.
As symptoms of proctitis in children are:
- Painful sensations in the perineum that can give to the genitals and the lumbar region. Constipation or diarrhea.
Symptoms of an acute form of pathology have a feature to develop for several hours or days.
Chronic proctitis will develop quite a long time, and has a characteristic in the form of alternation of phases of exacerbation and remission of inflammation. With exacerbation, pain will periodically appear in the anus, in the cavity of the rectum, or on the left side of the ileum.
With remission, it proceeds predominantly without pain. In this case, as the only manifestation of the disease is the presence of mucus in the stool. In the case of a gonorrheal form of the disease, the rectum often narrows, which promotes chronic constipation.
Diagnosis of proctitis
The diagnosis will be based on the patient's complaints and his medical history, as well as on the basis of the specialized survey data:
- Finger rectal examination. In this case, the doctor is probed with a finger of the wall with inflammation.
- Rectoscopy. Is an examination of the walls with the help of a specialized device - a rectoscope. This method of examination provides an opportunity to accurately determine proctitis in children.
- Cytology of intestinal contents and biopsy of its wall. Such examinations provide an opportunity to determine the extent and characteristics of inflammation. In addition, it will be possible to distinguish some types of chronic proctitis in children from other neoplasms.
- Analysis of the sowing of stool. Carried out in order to determine the state of microflora.
Possible complications of proctitis
If rectal proctitis treatment in acute form is not performed in time, then complications may develop:
- Rectal fistulas, which are holes, are formed due to purulent tissue melting, and connecting the rectal cavity with the skin, neighboring organs.
- Pelvioperitonitis is an inflammatory process of the pelvic peritoneum.
- Sigmoiditis and colitis are inflammatory processes in the overlying areas.
- Polyps and malignant tumor.
- Reduction of the rectum in men, due to scarring, which is caused by a severe form of inflammation.
- Decrease in the general state of immunity, which is caused by a chronic form of infection and inflammatory processes.
Proctitis treatment
The form of proctitis treatment will initially depend on what its cause and form is. The treatment regimen includes: drug therapy, diet, hygiene, treatment regimen.
Drug treatment of the disease consists in the appointment of antibiotics, which must suppress the infectious development. Antibacterial therapeutic manipulations are performed taking into account the sensitivity index of the rectum microflora to antibiotics. Only the attending physician must determine the required drug and its dosage.
When a proctitis in children and adults will be prescribed a diet where fiber intake is limited and spices, alcoholic beverages and fried foods are completely excluded. In the case of an acute course of the disease, the menu includes sour-milk products, soups on low-fat meat, and the meat itself in a grinded form.
Local methods with proctitis apply microclysters with chamomile or collargolic solutions. After the symptoms of the disease subsided, oily microclysters, a warm perineal shower, and sedentary baths with manganese solution are prescribed.
Treatment of the chronic proctitis form can be carried out mainly in ambulatory facilities, using the same means as in acute flow. In severe form, the patient is hospitalized. In acute form, the patient must comply with bed rest.
In case of remission, it is recommended to have a spa treatment, mud treatment, baths. Good intestinal washing with warm alkaline mineral water is effective. Thanks to such washes, motor function is activated and mucus is removed.
Do not forget about the implementation of preventive measures in the chronic form of proctitis in men.
Surgical intervention will be performed in rare cases, for example, if there are scar intestinal constrictions.
Proctitis prophylaxis
To prevent the appearance of rectum proctitis, it is necessary to adhere to such preventive measures as:
- Proper nutrition with moderate consumption of spicy, roasted, fatty, spicy and extractive type of foods.
- Refusal to smoke and drink alcohol.
- Carrying out thorough hygiene of genitals and anus.
- Contraceptive use in sexual intercourse.
- Carrying out timely treatment of inflammatory diseases by a number of lying organs.
If the treatment of proctitis is started in time, it can be completely cured. In chronic form of the disease, new episodes of exacerbation may appear, after the main course of treatment has been completed. Due to compliance with the diet and hygiene rules, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of manifestation of exacerbation of proctitis in children.