Symptoms and treatment of discirculatory brain encephalopathy 2, 3 degrees

1 Causes of the disease

The causes of dyscirculatory encephalopathy are diverse. Often this leads to high blood pressure. In addition, atherosclerosis can also provoke the appearance of this ailment.

The brain constantly requires a blood flow, which, in turn, transports nutrient compounds and oxygen to its cells. For each neuron, power is supplied through a number of capillaries located nearby. If they function fully, then no problems arise. But if the lumen of the vessel begins to narrow or completely overlaps, then this leads to strong changes. That is why the prevention of such a disease is to monitor the functioning of the system of blood vessels and maintain its health.

Otherwise, a small vessel can not transfer enough blood to the brain cells. Because of this, its walls begin to function poorly. If you do not fix it, too much fluid will flow into the brain. This is what causes puffiness. But oxygen in the tissue does not pass, because of what the cells survive starvation, and then perish. The outlook is disappointing. Such a violation leads to a microinfarction of the brain. The disease is characterized by this peculiarity: the first splash occurs in a white matter located under the bark. This signal goes to other parts of the body, so that it becomes more difficult to control it.

The second attack goes over to the gray matter. In it, each zone is responsible for certain functions. This can lead to problems of thinking and attention. Discirculatory brain encephalopathy often leads to the defeat of the frontal and temporal site. About 40% of neurons can die simultaneously, so the prognosis is not always good. In those places where the brain is affected, necrosis begins. The patient only feels headaches and slight weakness. If a stroke affects only one part of the brain, then with DEP micro strokes will be many. As a result, there are violations of concentration of attention, thinking, memory, problems with coordination of movements, bad mood, etc.

The main cause of DEP is damage to the blood vessels. This leads to the fact that small vessels cease to supply a sufficient number of compounds in the cells. To such can result the following factors:

1. Atherosclerosis. With this pathology, the lumens of the vessels are covered with cholesterol-like plaques. The patient has various symptoms that indicate problems with metabolism. As a result, fats are fixed on the walls of the arteries. Gradually, the lumen completely overlaps.
2. Hypertension - increased blood pressure. Because of this, the vessel either overlaps, or after a while bursts from a large load. As a result, the brain gets blood.
3. High blood viscosity. Because of this, blood can not circulate properly over small vessels and simply stagnates there. It is these clots that block the gaps. Gradually, the area of ​​the brain in this area dies.
4. Hypotension. Low pressure also sometimes provokes the development of DEP.This is due to the fact that the capillaries slowly fill with blood, as it does not move well.
5. Osteochondrosis. Encephalopathy of the brain develops because the bony growths that are located on the vertebrae, overlap the main artery in this zone, as a result, the brain does not receive sufficient blood volume.
6. Damage to the brain and spine caused by trauma. Hematomas can clamp blood vessels.
7. Anatomical features that are associated with abnormalities of veins and arteries.
8. Smoking. Because of this, too, the vessels are narrowed, which provokes the DEP.If a person has been smoking for a long time, the vessels will be spasmodic, so they can not return to normal form.
9. Diseases of the glands of internal secretion, which leads to disturbances of the hormonal background. It is hormones that regulate all processes in the body. According to statistics, often discirculatory encephalopathy is diagnosed in women during menopause.
10. Diseases of the blood and blood vessels. For example, it can be thrombophlebitis, vegetovascular dystonia.

2 Characteristic signs of pathology

Symptoms of the disease at an early stage are invisible. This is explained by the fact that all the tasks performed by the dead cells are carried out by nearby neurons, so that the losses are compensated. But when the lesions become extensive, this is not enough, so that the first signs of the disease appear:

1. Headache. If there are no receptors in the brain itself that are responsible for the pain, then there are enough of its receptacles in its membranes, as well as in the capillaries located in this region. As a result, the patient feels raspiranie in the vessels, discomfort.
2. Symptoms such as weakness, lethargy, drowsiness appear. The mood changes, noise in ears stirs. All this is due to the fact that in white matter there are centers that are responsible for processing data coming from outside and from the body systems. When necrosis of these tissues begins, such symptoms appear.
3. Memory deteriorates, it's hard to concentrate attention, to represent images, it is difficult to draw up schemes for the future and plans. Such symptoms are due to the fact that in the cerebral cortex there are centers that respond to thinking.
4. Impulsivity. The connections between neurons are violated, which leads to this behavior. Man becomes too emotional. Sometimes there are hysterics. The mood can change dramatically due to the fact that neuronal disorders develop in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. Dyscirculatory encephalopathy of the 3rd degree leads to the fact that a person can no longer perform normal actions and monitor himself. Such patients live at the expense of care of nurses and relatives.
5. Limited mobility. Due to the fact that certain areas of the brain are affected, the signal from them to the feet and hands becomes distorted. As a result, the patient feels that his limbs do not obey. There are muscle spasms, tension in the tendons and paralysis.
6. Oral automatism. These are movements of the mouth that are considered involuntary. They occur in the third phase of the disease. Provoke this can even ordinary skin irritations. The voice of the patient is nasal. There are difficulties with swallowing.
7. Visual impairment. This also occurs at the last stage, but only when the brain region in the occiput region is affected. This is how the signal transmission paths pass. For example, one eye sees well, and the second one conveys the image as in a fog.

3 Degrees of development of the disease

This disease has three stages of development:

1. The first stage. Identify it is quite difficult. The patient complains only of headaches. Others may notice a change in mood. Women become whiny, and men, on the contrary, are more aggressive. At the same time, the patient feels always fatigue, vision and hearing are periodically impaired, but the brain can still compensate for the disturbances.
2. The second stage. Dyscirculatory encephalopathy of grade 2 is characterized by a worsening of the patient's condition. It interferes with the concentration of constant noise in the ears, dizziness, pain, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness. Gradually, memory deteriorates. The patient does not always understand what he is talking about. Treatment of DEP 2 degree must be immediate. Without cause there is anxiety, depression is nervousness. The speech is slow, the mouth twitches, the voice is nasal.
3. Third stage. Discirculatory encephalopathy of the third degree is characterized by a severe condition of the patient, but he no longer complains, as memory and thinking are broken. The patient becomes conflicted and irritable. No more shame. Before my eyes dark spots. With such a degree of how much one can live, depends only on external assistance, since the patient can no longer perform even simple actions. He develops dementia.

4 Treatment measures

Encephalopathy of the brain requires immediate medical attention. Therapy is aimed at improving blood circulation, normalizing the functioning of the nervous system and restoring blood vessels. That's why the drugs are required to be taken in a complex way. But the doctor thinks over the scheme of treatment, so you can not choose medicines on your own. Assign such drugs:

1. Lizinopril. Will help lower blood pressure. Applicable only if the disease is caused by hypertension.
2. Nimodipine. Calcium inhibitor. Prevents the penetration of calcium, so that the vessels relax, increases the amount of blood in the brain.
3. Kurantil and other drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels have protective properties. Prevent the formation of blood clots.
4. Atenolol and other drugs that belong to the group of beta-blockers. The pulse and pressure parameters decrease, the work of the heart muscle stabilizes. The influx of blood to the brain increases.
5. Veroshpiron. The remedy is a diuretic. It is excreted in the urine with water and sodium, and calcium is delayed. Thanks to this, blood pressure decreases.
6. Aspirin. Liquefies blood, so that blood clots are not formed.
7. Acipimox. Contains nicotinic acid. It will lower the level of cholesterol and prevent the formation of plaques on the vessels.
8. Vasobral. A special drug that increases the flow of blood to the brain and gradually restores its functionality.
9. Cortexin. Medicine for memory, attention, thinking and other functions of the brain.

An additional treatment for discirculatory encephalopathy has been developed. It consists of physiotherapy, folk medicine and diet. Physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed:

• electrosleep;
• galvanotherapy;
• UHF treatment;
• laser method;
• massage;
• medical baths with oxygen, radon, etc.

One of the factors that provokes DEP is obesity, so you need to correctly combine nutrition and exercise. Suitable Mediterranean diet and low-calorie meals. Necessarily need to lean on seafood. To them in addition go hazelnut, sour-milk products, rice. All these products are rich in vitamin B12, which will help restore brain cells. With regard to a low-calorie diet, you will have to limit the number of calories per day to 2.5 thousand, you can not eat all products of animal origin.

5 Traditional medicine

Traditional medicine also offers a number of recipes. For example, Caucasian balm is recommended. It is prepared from a tincture of Dioscorea, a special kind of clover is added. The third ingredient is propolis. To stimulate the functioning of the circulatory system, hawthorn is used. You can use a variety of herbal preparations, for example, oregano, horsetail, dog rose, raspberries, dill seeds. Add the plantain, mother-and-stepmother, linden, licorice, birch and sweet clover.

All these methods will help restore the work of the nervous and circulatory system, but they should be applied in a complex way.